The invention discloses a charge narrowing absorption effect-based perovskite photoelectric detector having vertical energy gap gradient and a fabrication method thereof. The perovskite photoelectricdetector comprises a glass substrate, a first transparent conductive electrode layer, a first hole transmission layer, a perovskite sensitive layer a, a first electron transmission layer, a first holeblocking layer, a second transparent conductive electrode layer, a second hole transmission layer, a perovskite sensitive layer b, a second electron transmission layer, a second hole blocking layer,a third transparent conductive electrode layer, a third hole transmission layer, a perovskite sensitive layer c, a third electron transmission layer, a third hole blocking layer, a metal electrode layer. By the perovskite photoelectric detector, the half-wave peak width of the optical detector is effectively narrowed, the detection performance of the perovskite optical detector is improved, lightwaves of three different bands can be simultaneously detected, moreover, the fabrication method is simple and effective and is suitable for mass production.