The invention discloses an alprostadil liposome composite medicine, which is a composite medicine comprising the main ingredients, i.e., high-purity alprostadil liposome and a mixture of Aspisol and soldium salicylate with the weight ratio of (85-95): (5-15), and discloses the weight ratio of the raw materials of the ingredients in the composite medicine; the invention further provides a preparation method and quality control of the alprostadil liposome composite medicine; a freeze-dried injection, or an oral preparation, or a spraying agent, or a suppository or an enema of the alprostadil liposome composite medicine is prepared; the chromatographic conditions of the contents of the alprostadil, the prostaglandin A1 and the prostaglandin B1 are measured, and three retention peaks before and after the alprostadil retention peak are the characteristic retention peaks of the supplementary materials of the alprostadil liposome composite medicine provided by the invention; the alprostadil liposome composite medicine is used for treating and preventing the diseases such as coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, vasculitis, tumor, hepatitis, aiabetic angiopathy and renal insufficiency, bronchial asthma, pancreatitis, gastric ulcer and vertebrobasilar insufficiency and the like.