108 results about "Acetolactate synthase" patented technology

A high flux in conversion of pyruvate to acetolactate was achieved in yeast through expression of acetolactate synthase in the cytosol in conjunction with reduction in pyruvate decarboxylase activity. Additional manipulations to improve flux to acetolactate are reduced pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and reduced glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Production of compounds having acetolactate as an upstream intermediate benefit from the increased conversion of pruvate to acetolactate in the described strains.

Disclosed are nucleic acid and amino acid sequences for acetolactate synthase, acetolactate synthase regulatory regions, α-tubulin promoter, a promoter from a Thraustochytriales polyketide synthase (PKS) system, and fatty acid desaturase promoter, each from a Thraustochytriales microorganism. Also disclosed are recombinant vectors useful for transformation of Thraustochytriales microorganisms, as well as a method of transformation of Thraustochytriales microorganisms. The recombinant nucleic acid molecules of the present invention can be used for the expression of foreign nucleic acids in a Thraustochytriales microorganism as well as for the deletion, mutation, or inactivation of genes in Thraustochytriales microorganisms.

A mutant acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme that confers cross-resistance to all sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, pyrimidinyloxybenzoate, triazolopyrimidine and sulfonylamino-carbonyl-triazolinone herbicides is provided. The mutant enzyme contains an aspartic acid to glutamic acid substitution mutation at a newly identified conserved region of the ALS enzyme. A gene encoding the enzyme is also provided, as are transgenic plants that have been genetically engineered to contain and express the gene. The transgenic plants are cross-resistant to sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, pyrimidinyloxybenzoate, triazolopyrimidine and sulfonylamino-carbonyl-triazolinone herbicides.

The invention provides a genetically engineered bacterium for high-yielding L-valine. A construction method of the genetically engineered bacterium comprises the steps that starting from an escherichia coli W3110, an acetolactate synthase gene alsS of a bacillus subtilis is integrated on a genome of the escherichia coli W3110 and subjected to high expression; an escherichia coli ppGpp 3'-pyrophosphoric acid hydrolytic enzyme mutant R290E/K292D gene spoT is integrated on the genome of the escherichia coli W3110 and subjected to high expression; genes of frdA, frdB, frdC and frdD of four subunits of a lactic dehydrogenase gene ldhA, a pyruvate formate lyase I gene pflB and fumaric reductase on the genome of the escherichia coli W3110 are knocked out; a branched chain amino acid transaminasegene ilvE of the escherichia coli is replaced with leucine dehydrogenase gene bcd of the bacillus subtilis; and an acetyl-hydroxyl acid isomerized reductase gene ilvC of the escherichia coli is replaced with an encoding gene of a mutant L67E/R68F/K75E. According to the genetically engineered bacterium for the high-yielding L-valine, an L-valine fermentation method is further modified. Double-phasedissolved oxygen control is adopted, and the L-valine yield and the saccharic acid conversion rate are improved.

Genetically modified microorganisms having the ability to produce D(−)-lactic acid at temperatures between 30° C. and 55° C. are provided. In various embodiments, the microorganisms may have the chromosomal lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) gene and/or the chromosomal acetolactate synthase (alsS) gene inactivated. Exemplary microorganisms for use in the disclosed methods are Bacillus spp., such as Bacillus coagulans.

The invention discloses ALS (Acetolactate Synthase) mutant protein. An amino acid sequence of ALS1 is shown as SEQ ID NO: 2 and an amino acid sequence of ALS3 is shown as SEQ ID NO: 4. The invention further discloses nucleic acid for coding the mutant protein, an expression box containing the nucleic acid and a recombinant vector or cell. The invention further discloses application of the mutant protein, the nucleic acid, the expression box and the recombinant vector or cell to the aspect of herbicide resistance of plants. The invention further discloses a method for obtaining plants with the herbicide resistance and a resistant plant identification method. The ALS mutant protein disclosed by the invention is a dual-gene and dual-mutation-site ALS inhibitor type herbicide acetolactate synthase mutant which is found from rape for the first time in China; a result of an experiment of applying ALS inhibitor type herbicide tribenuron and mesosulfuron-methyl in the field shows that after the herbicide with 16 times of weed prevention and control recommended utilization concentration is applied to the rape DS3 containing the ALS mutant protein provided by the invention during a 3-leaf to 4-leaf period, the plants still grow and develop, and bear fruits normally.

The present invention relates to a construction method of high-yield pantothenic-acid genetically engineered bacterium and the bacterium strain, and an application of the genetically engineered bacterium in preparation of D-pantothenic acid by microbial fermentation. The construction method is as follows: (1) enhancing expression of lpd gene; (2) knocking out glk and galP, destroying a glucose non-PTS transport system, enhancing expression of ptsG gene and enhancing a glucose PTS transport system; (3) knocking out yfbQ and ppsA genes; (4) knocking out poxB, pflB and ldhA genes; (4) knocking out ilvE gene; (5) introducing heterologous acetolactate synthase gene alsS; and (6) introducing heterologous pantothenic-acid transporter panT into plasmids and finally obtaining the optimal D-pantothenic acid high-yield escherichia coli genetically engineered bacterium strain. D-pantothenic acid potency increases from 2.76 g/L to 6.33 g/L.

The invention provides a herbicide-resistant rape directive breeding method based on acetolactate synthase (ALS) target esterase, which belongs to a plant trait breeding method. The method comprises the following steps of selecting materials needed by production of rape or breeding of the rape, processing seeds with ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS), mutagenizing the seeds to be isolated and propagated to a M2 generation, and directionally screening herbicide-resistant mutant characters in a large group under the selection pressure of the herbicide adopting the ALS as the target esterase. In order to increase the probability for acquiring the mutant characters, the directive screening can be continuously conducted in multiple years, or conducted in multiple places in the same year or conducted in multiple places in multiple years until the needed mutant material is screened out.

The invention relates to a heterocyclic asymmetric aromatic dithioether compound and application thereof in herbicide preparation. As shown as in the formula (I), the compound has inhabitation effect to arabidopsis thaliana acetolactate synthase (AHAS) in vitro, has inhabitation effect to rape root length in vivo, has weeding effect for rape and redroot amaranth in potted plant tests, and can be used for preparing novel herbicides containing targeted AHAS. In the formula (I), when X represents S, R1 represents H, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 acylamino, phenyl, hydroxylphenyl phenyl and ortho-C1-C3 alkoxy phenyl, R2 represents H, ortho-nitryl or para-nitryl, ortho-halogen or para-halogen, ortho-C1-C3 alkyl or para-C1-C3 alkyl, ortho-C1-C3 carbalkoxy, para-C1-C3 alkoxy and 3,4-benzo; and when X represents O, R1 represents H, phenyl, hydroxylphenyl phenyl, ortho-C1-C3 alkoxy phenyl, 4-pyridyl and 3-pyridyl, and R2 represents H, ortho-nitryl, para-C1-C3 alkyl and ortho-C1-C3 carbalkoxy.

The invention provides a herbicidal composition comprising a mixture of: (a) polymeric microparticles containing a first herbicide, wherein the first herbicide is a synthetic auxin herbicide (e.g. dicamba, MCPA or 2,4-D) or an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor herbicide (e.g. triasulfuron, tribenuron-methyl, iodosulfuron-methyl, mesosulfuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl, or pyroxsulam); wherein the first herbicide, when in a salt-free form and when not contained within polymeric microparticles, antagonises the herbicidal activity of pinoxaden; and (b) pinoxaden; wherein the polymeric microparticles are controlled-release matrices, within which is the first herbicide, and which function in such a way as to control and/or slow down the release of the first herbicide from the polymeric microparticles into a liquid (e.g. aqueous) medium when the polymeric microparticles are placed (e.g. dispersed) in and in contact with the liquid medium. The containing of the first herbicide within the controlled-release polymeric microparticles is thought to mitigate the antagonism of the grass-weed-herbicidal activity of pinoxaden which might otherwise be caused by the first herbicide depending on the circumstances. The invention also provides a method of reducing the antagonistic effect on the control of monocotyledonous weeds in non-oat cereals which is shown by a herbicidal mixture of either a synthetic auxin herbicide with pinoxadenor an ALS inhibitor herbicide with pinoxaden, which comprises applying a herbicidal composition according to the invention. The invention also provides a herbicidal composition comprising (a) polymeric microparticles (e.g. controlled-release matrices), containing a first herbicide as defined above, and either (x) a nonionic surfactant or (y) a surface-modified clay, as defined herein.

The invention discloses a method for preservation of pure state of hybrid plants by chemical emasculation. In the method, a breed sensitive to acetolactate synthase inhibitory type herbicide is selected as female parent and a breed resistant to acetolactate synthase inhibitory type herbicide is selected as male parent, acetolactate synthase inhibitory type herbicide with activity of chemical hybridizing agent is used for processing the female parent to obtain male sterility, the male parent pollinates the female parent, the seeds of the female parent line are harvested to be cross breeds, the obtained F1 generation cross breed has herbicide resistance, after the F1 generation cross breed is planted, and acetolactate synthase inhibitory type herbicide seedling stage processing is used for removing uncrossed female parent seedling, so as to remain real cross breed. The method utilizes herbicide for preservation of pure state while realizing weeding. The invention has more advantages than common breed in the aspect of adapted breed simplified culture requirement.

The invention discloses a paddy rice herbicide resistant protein and gene as well as application of the protein and the gene. The herbicide resistant protein is obtained by mutating Ala179 and/or Gly628 in a paddy rice acetolactate synthase protein amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.1, or is obtained by mutating Ser627 and Va1643 in the paddy rice acetolactate synthase protein amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.1; the gene for encoding the herbicide resistant protein and the application of the herbicide resistant protein and/or the gene for encoding the herbicide resistant protein in preparation of herbicide resistant plants are provided. According to the herbicide resistant protein, the gene and the application disclosed by the invention, acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides can be used in a process of planting gramineous plant crops, so that the requirements on direct seeding, mixed seeding, transplantation, mechanical production and the like of gramineous plants can be met, and a good application prospect is achieved.

The invention provides a specific PCR (polymerase chain reaction) primer pair for detecting ALS (acetolactate synthetase) inhibitor herbicide-resistant descurainia sophia. The primer pair comprises a primer pair (Seq ID No.1-2) for specific amplification of a B-ALS-1 gene of the descurainia sophia and a primer pair (Seq ID No.3-4) for specific amplification of a B-ALS-2 gene of the descurainia sophia. A PCR detection method adopting the primer pair is excellent in specificity and sensitivity, and a specificity test proves that the two ALS genes of the descurainia sophia can be amplified (figures 1 and 2). As the PCR method is simple, convenient and quick to operate, the sampling detection can be carried out in season based on nucleotide detection, and only 2-4 days are required for a process from sampling to results. The sensitivity and specificity of the method can realize quick identification of suspended ALS inhibitor herbicide-resistant descurainia sophia in the field and confirmation of mutation sites, thus the scientific control of resistant weeds in production practice is guided.

The invention relates to genetic engineering bacteria capable of producing pantothenic acid at high yield without addition of beta-alanine, a construction method of the genetic engineering bacteria, and application of the genetic engineering bacteria in preparation of D-pantothenic acid by microbial fermentation. According to the invention, (1), the final step of an escherichia coli D-pantothenicacid synthesis pathway is enhanced, and the utilizing ability of escherichia coli to extracellular beta-alanine, (2), a pantoic acid synthesis pathway is enhanced, (3), ilvG gene is repaired, and thefeedback inhibition effect of by-products on a pantoic acid synthesis pathway is weakened, (4), according to the change in cell phenotype, flux of a valine synthesis pathway is weakened, (5), a CRISPRi technique is used to screen metabolic modification sites of TCA cycle, a PPP pathway and a by-product metabolic pathway, according to the result, an isoleucine synthesis pathway is blocked, and thecompetition of 2-butanoic acid for reaction of acetolactate synthesized from pyruvic acid under catalysis of acetolactate synthase is relieved, and (6), aspartate decarboxylase from other strains is subjected to heterologous expression to obtain a genetical engineering strain capable of producing the pantothenic acid at high yield without addition of the beta-alanine. By combined expression of panB and panC which are derived from corynebacterium glutamicum and panD derived from bacillus subtilis together on pTrc99A plasmids, 1.2g/L of D- pantothenic acid is obtained without adding the beta-alanine.

Nucleotide sequences are disclosed that may be used to impart herbicide resistance to green plants. The sources of novel herbicide resistance were originally isolated in mutant Coreopsis plants. Green plants transformed with these sequences are resistant to herbicides that normally inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS), particularly imidazolinone and sulfonylurea herbicides.

The invention discloses an ALS (acetolactate synthase) protection sequence for enabling plants to have herbicide resistance and an application of the sequence. The sequence is derived from a mutant strain of double No.9 of a cabbage type rape variety and the amino acid sequence is represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 or 12. In addition, the invention further provides a corresponding nucleic acid, an expression box, a carrier, a cell, a plant, an application and a method for obtaining the plants with the herbicide resistance, and a method for identifying the plants obtained by the invention.

The invention discloses a paddy rice ALS (Acetolactate Synthase) mutant protein for endowing plants with resistance to herbicides. The invention further discloses a nucleic acid for coding the protein. The protein comes from a paddy rice mutant plant resisting ALS inhibitor type herbicides, and in comparison with the ALS sequence in the genome of wild paddy rice, the protein sequence of the protein is simultaneously mutated at sites Ser 627 and Gly 628 or only mutated at the site Gly 628. Plants which express the protein sequence can resist (tolerate) acetolactate synthase inhibitor type herbicides, particularly imidazolinone herbicides. The herbicide-resistant effect of the mutant mutated simultaneously at the sides Ser 627 and Gly 628 disclosed by the invention is about 30 percent higher than the herbicide-resistant capability of the mutant plant only contains mutation at the site Ser 627 or Gly 628.

The invention discloses a method for constructing genetic engineering strains for producing (R)-acetoin and application of the genetic engineering strains. The method includes optimizing codons of nucleotide sequences of alpha-acetolactate synthase genes, alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase genes and NADH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) oxidase genes and acquiring each gene cluster with three genes by the aid of artificial synthesis processes; inserting the gene clusters into expression vectors to obtain polycistron recombinant plasmids; introducing the polycistron recombinant plasmids into host bacteria E. coli and knocking out key genes of main byproduct synthesis paths to obtain the genetic engineering strains for producing the (R)-acetoin. The method and the application have the advantages that raw materials for the genetic engineering strains can come from wide sources and are low in cost, the strains are free of pathogenicity, oxidized form coenzymes NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+) can be effectively regenerated, the strains are high in (R)-acetoin yield and production efficiency, the maximum yield can reach 72.1 g/L, and the optical purity can reach 99% at least; the (R)-acetoin is produced by the aid of non-grain cassava flour and inexpensive nitrogen sources which are used as fermentation raw materials, and accordingly the production cost can be reduced.

The present invention provides for compositions and methods for producing sorghum crop plants that are resistant to herbicides. In particular, the present invention provides for sorghum plants, plant tissues and plant seeds that contain altered acetolactate synthase (ALS) genes and proteins that are resistant to inhibition by herbicides that normally inhibit the activity of the ALS protein.