111 results about "Automotive catalyst" patented technology

The invention discloses a method for extracting precious metal from a spent automobile catalyst by a concentration smelting-wet separation process, and relates to a method for extracting platinum group metal from an automobile catalyst. The method comprises the following steps of: uniformly mixing the catalyst and auxiliary materials such as a flux and the like, and concentrating the precious metal in an alloy phase by the smelting process; pulverizing the alloy phase, and selectively leaching and separating base metal by using an acidic solvent to obtain a precious metal concentrate; and refining the precious metal concentrate to obtain a precious metal product. Compared with the single wet treatment process, the method has the obvious advantages that: the reagent consumption of a unit product and pollutants are greatly reduced, the recovery rate of the precious metal is greatly improved, the process is shortened, cost is reduced, and economic and environmental benefits are obviouslyimproved.

The invention relates to a method for extracting precious metal from a disabled auto-exhaust catalyst, which comprises the following steps: 1. lixiviating precious metal from the disabled auto-exhaust catalyst by a hydrometallurgy process and obtaining precious metal concentrates after permuting lixivium; 2. lixiviating slag, collecting precious metal of the slag by a pyrometallurgy process to obtain a precious metal phase and selectively lixiviating base metal in the precious metal phase to obtain precious metal concentrates; and 3 combining the precious metal concentrates obtained in the first two steps and refining the precious metal concentrates to produce platinum, palladium and rhodium products. The invention compensates the deficiency that the percent recovery of the precious metal is low by simply treating the disabled auto-exhaust catalyst with the hydrometallurgy process and has the advantages that the contents of platinum, palladium and rhodium in the waste slag are smaller than 1g/t and the product purity reaches 99.95 percent.

The invention relates to a method for three-phase extraction one-step separation of platinum, palladium and rhodium from leaching solution of a precious metal catalyst, which belongs to the technical field of solvent extraction and separation of the platinum, the palladium and the rhodium. The separation of the platinum, the palladium and the rhodium can be completed by adding hydrochloride, sulfate, nitrate or phosphate of sodium, potassium, lithium or ammonium into two non-polar and polar organic phases which can not be mixed and water solution containing the platinum, the palladium and the rhodium, and carrying out phase mixing under room temperature for obtaining a three-phase system. The separation of the platinum, the palladium and the rhodium can also be completed by adding a macromoleclar polymer and the hydrochloride, the sulfate, the nitrate or the phosphate containing the sodium, the potassium, the lithium or the ammonium into the water solution containing the platinum, the palladium and the rhodium according to proportion, further adding a non-polar organic solvent and carrying out the phase mixing under the room temperature for obtaining three phases. The method can simultaneously separate three phases of the platinum, the palladium and the rhodium with high separation selectivity from the failure extraction solution of a vehicle catalyst during the extraction process, and effectively simplify the existing lengthy and tedious two-phase extraction and separation process.

An engine exhaust system includes a catalytic converter. An inlet sensor senses a first oxygen level of exhaust gases entering the catalytic converter. An outlet sensor senses a second oxygen level of exhaust gases exiting the catalytic converter. A controller communicates with a fuel system of an engine, the inlet sensor, and the outlet sensor. The controller initiates a rich condition after a fuel cut-off period and calculates a mass of oxygen released by the catalytic converter based on a mass air flow into the engine. The controller calculates a target oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of the catalytic converter over a target time period.

An exhaust stream aftertreatment system that selectively reduces NOx emissions during lean-burn operation of an internal combustion engine is provided. The apparatus includes a partial oxidation reactor having a fuel source, an ignition device, and various values. The partial oxidation reactor is disposed in the exhaust pipe of automobile between the engine and the threeway catalyst. A light-off catalyst is provided adjacent to the engine, upstream from the partial oxidation reactor. The three-way catalyst and the light-off catalyst are typical automotive catalysts having a substrate plated with a precious metal to facilitate the oxidation of hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) as well as the reduction of nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide (NOx). The partial oxidation reactor is adapted to operate while the internal combustion engine is producing high levels of NOx or while the engine is operating in a lean burn regime.

The invention relates to a method for fusing enriched precious metal from a spent automotive catalyst. The method takes copper sulfide ore as a capturing agent and comprises the following main procedures: (1) grinding: grinding the spent automotive catalyst to obtain powder with the particle size of 30-200 mesh; (2) mixing: uniformly mixing the ground spent automotive catalyst with the capturing agent, a fusing agent and other auxiliary materials; (3) fusing: loading the uniformly mixed materials into a graphite crucible, and fusing in a high-temperature electric resistance furnace; (4) phase separation: separating two phases after fusing so as to obtain the copper and matte phase with more than 98.5% enriched precious metal and the slag phase with less than 3g/t precious metal. With adoption of the method, the operation procedure is efficiently reduced, the production cost is lowered, and the better environmentally-friendly effect is achieved.

The invention discloses a method for recycling rare earth and platinum group metal from a spent automobile emission purification catalyst. The method comprises the following steps that 1, fine grinding is carried out; 2, sulfatizing roasting is carried out; 3, dilute acid leaching is carried out, wherein a roasted product in the second step is subjected to dilute sulfuric acid leaching, and a rare earth sulfate solution and platinum group metal bearing insoluble slag are obtained after filtering and separating; 4, the rare earth is recycled, wherein sodium sulfate is added to the rare earth sulfate solution obtained in the third step, rare earth sulfate double salt precipitation is generated, and lanthanum-cerium rare earth oxide is prepared; and 5, the platinum group metal is recycled, wherein hydrochloric acid and chlorine are adopted in the insoluble slag obtained in the third step for leaching of the platinum group metal, and leachate is subjected to treatment through an existing separating and purifying refining process, so that platinum, palladium and rhodium of the platinum group metal are obtained. Compared with the prior art, the method can be adopted for effectively recycling the rare earth and the platinum group metal from the spent automobile catalyst, the method is simple and practicable, all needed equipment is mature and universal equipment in the field of metallurgy, and the production cost is low.

A method of conditioning an automotive catalyst by (a) electrolyzing water on-board the vehicle to derive and store separate quantities of hydrogen and oxygen at pressures in the range of 50-100 psi; (b) immediately upon initiation of engine starting, rapidly transferring stoichiometric proportions of the separated and stored hydrogen and oxygen to a front face location of a catalyst substrate to heat the catalyst substrate by spontaneous catalytic recombination of the hydrogen and oxygen and thereby raise the temperature of the catalyst substrate rapidly to a temperature at which certain emissions can be catalytically converted; (c) complete cranking of the engine to admit emissions laden with CO and HC to the catalyst substrate while continuing to transfer stoichiometric proportions of the hydrogen and oxygen to said front face location for raising the substrate temperature to about 300° C.; and ceasing introduction of the hydrogen and oxygen when the catalyst substrate has reached a full operational temperature for optimum emission conversionApparatus for pre-heating an automotive catalyst, comprising: an on-board electrolysis system for producing and separately storing quantities of relatively pure hydrogen and oxygen in stoichiometric proportions and at generally equal pressures; a frontal catalyst face defining entrances to multi-channeled catalyst laden flow paths; controllable transfer lines for selectively communicating hydrogen and oxygen to the front face whereby efficient spontaneous exothermic recombination of hydrogen and oxygen may take place immediately.

The invention relates to the field of comprehensive utilization of precious metals secondary resources, specifically to a spent auto-catalyst assisted recovery method of precious metals. The spent auto-catalyst assisted recovery method of precious metals comprises the following steps: A, preparation and treatment of materials; B, burdening and batch mixing; C, melting; and D, slag sampling and analysis. The method has advantages as follows: the recovery rate of precious metals is high; energy is saved and loss is reduced; economic benefit is increased; the operation is simple; and the production process is clean and environmentally-friendly.

The invention discloses a method for recovering platinum group metal from a spent automobile catalyst. The method comprises steps as follows: the fine-ground spent automobile catalyst, a metal oxide collector and a reducing agent are proportionally mixed, block mass is prepared from a mixture and subjected to prereduction in a resistance furnace, the metal oxide collector is reduced to a metallic state, reduced products and a slag forming constituent are proportionally mixed, put in a crucible and smelted by an induction heating furnace, an alloy is formed by collected metal and platinum group metal in the spent automobile catalyst, slag is formed by a spent automobile catalyst carrier and the slag forming constituent, a metal phase and a slag phase are enabled to be separated, a platinum group metal-collected metal alloy is obtained, and recovery of the platinum group metal is realized, wherein overall recovery rate of platinum, palladium and rhodium is higher than 98%. The platinum group metal is recovered with a low temperature prereduction-induction furnace smelting technology, and the technology is simple, environment-friendly and easy to implement; meanwhile, the formed platinum group metal-collected metal alloy contains no silicon, and therefore, follow-up refining and purification of the platinum group metal are facilitated.

The invention discloses a method for purifying platinum group metal from a waste three-way catalyst. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps. Firstly, the waste three-way catalyst is obtained through crushing, grinding and high-temperature roasting, boron hydrogen sodium aqueous solution is added, and boiling and reduction are performed. Secondly, a stock solution is filtered, a hydrochloric acid solution by sodium chloride and sodium chlorite is added, a solid catalyst is obtained through infusion and filtering, acid cleaning and water cleaning are performed, washing liquid and a leaching agent are combined, concentrated and tested. Thirdly, separation of platinum group metal is performed on the leaching agent, purification is performed, and high-purity platinum group metal is obtained. Aiming at the problems in an existing method for recycling platinum group metal from a waste vehicle catalyst, the method for adding catalyst pretreatment and using of different oxidants in the procedures of recycling the platinum group metal for producing the leaching agent is raised, the method for purifying the platinum group metal from the waste three-way catalyst is good in working environment, high in platinum group metal yield, and low in energy consumption.

An excess oxygen reduction system includes a fuel cut-off condition module, an injector module, and a valve module. The fuel cut-off condition module determines whether a fuel cut-off condition exists. The injector module prevents a fuel injector from fueling a cylinder when said fuel cut-off condition exists. The valve module closes an impulse charging valve when said fuel cut-off condition exists.

The invention discloses a method for recovering noble metals from a spent auto-catalyst. The method comprises the following steps: (1) early treatment of materials; (2) burdening, and mixing, namely mixing the materials processed in the step (1) according to the ratio, wherein the materials comprise 75-85 parts of spent auto-catalyst taking cordierite as a carrier, 2-4 parts of magnetite, 1-3 parts of metallurgical coke, 10-13 parts of lime and 1-3 parts of fluorite mine; (3) processing the obtained materials by adopting a plasma furnace: a, introducing argon of which the purity is 99.99% into the plasma furnace, so as to keep micro negative pressure inside the furnace; b, beginning to feed the materials obtained in the step (2) to the plasma furnace when the temperature inside the plasma furnace is within the range of 1500-1600 DEG C; c, beginning to discharge slag from a slag phase discharge hole after smelting for 3-6 hours, d, carrying out heat preservation at 1600-1650 DEG C for 30 minutes after charging the materials obtained in the step (2), and then opening the metal phase discharge hole, so as to obtain alloy containing noble metals. By adopting the method, the total yield of platinum, palladium and rhodium is greater than 98%, the recovery rate of platinum is greater than 98%, the recovery rate of palladium is greater than 98%, and the recovery rate of rhodium is greater than 97%.

A technology for recovering platinum, palladium and rhodium from a spent auto-catalyst comprises the following steps: pre-processing, enriching, removing impurities, separating, and purifying to obtain relevant platinum, palladium and rhodium products. The technology has the following advantages: environment protection in the whole flow from preprocessing to enriched platinum, palladium and rhodium separation and purification and product discharge is good; the technology has good process continuity, simple flow, and high platinum, palladium and rhodium separation and purification efficiency; and in the recovery process, the direct recovery rate of platinum is not lower than 91%, and the direct recovery rate of palladium is not lower than 95%.

The invention provides an automotive catalyst composite effective for abating carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and NOx emission in an automotive exhaust gas stream, which includes a catalytic material on a carrier, the catalytic material including a plurality of core-shell support particles comprising a core and a shell surrounding the core, the core including a plurality of particles having a primary particle size distribution d₉₀ of up to about 5 μm, wherein the core particles comprise particles of one or more metal oxides, the shell including nanoparticles of one or more metal oxides, wherein the nanoparticles have a primary particle size distribution d90 in the range of about 5 nm to about 1000 nm (1 μm), and one or more platinum group metals (PGMs) on the core-shell support. The invention also provides an exhaust gas treatment system and related method of treating exhaust gas utilizing the catalyst composite.

The invention provides an automotive catalyst composite that includes a catalytic material on a carrier, the catalytic material including a plurality of core-shell support particles including a core and a shell surrounding the core, wherein the core includes a plurality of particles having a primary particle size distribution d₉₀ of up to about 5 μm, wherein the core particles include particles of one or more molecular sieves and optionally particles of one or more refractory metal oxides; and wherein the shell comprises nanoparticles of one or more refractory metal oxides, wherein the nanoparticles have a primary particle size distribution d₉₀ in the range of about 5 nm to about 1000 nm (1 μm); and optionally, one or more platinum group metals (PGMs) on the core-shell support. The invention also provides an exhaust gas treatment system and related method of treating exhaust gas utilizing the catalyst composite.

The present invention belongs to the field of functional composite material, is especially one kind of composite granular nanometer metal shell/silica core material and its preparation process and use, and relates to method of solving the coagulation problem of nanometer powder of the nanometer metal shell/silica core grains. Nanometer silver shell produced in thermal decomposition reaction is compounded and assembled to the surface of nanometer silica grain to form the composite shell/core material. Nanometer silver coated silica has combined characteristics of both silver and silica, and has light weight, optical non-linearity and low radiance. The composite granular nanometer metal shell/silica core material may be used as the active component in automobile catalyst, and in non-linear optical material, surface plasma vibrator material, etc.

An improved method for the formation of composite hydroxides or oxides comprising, on an oxide basis, Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂, and optionally CeO₂, La₂O₃, Nd₂O₃, Pr₆O₁₁, Sm₂O₃, Y₂O₃, and other rare earth oxides, comprising the steps of preparing an aqueous metal salt solution and forming a hydroxide precipitate slurry by combining the aqueous metal salt solution with an aqueous solution of a caustic alkali at a pH greater than 8.5 to precipitate out all the metal species. The variation in pH during the precipitation reaction is ±1. The invention also relates to composites formed by this method comprising 20-70 wt % Al₂O₃, 10-77 wt % ZrO₂, 0-34 wt % CeO₂ and 0-22 wt % REOs other than CeO₂, and to composites per se comprising, on an oxide basis, 42-70 wt % Al₂O₃, 10-48 wt % ZrO₂, 2-34 wt % CeO₂ and 0-9 wt % REOs other than CeO₂ and having the following properties after heating to 850° C. over four hours and holding at 850° C. for four hours then allowing to cool to ambient temperature:-a surface area after aging at 950° C. for 2 hours equal to or greater than 60 m²/g, and-a surface area after aging at 1100° C. for 2 hours equal to or greater than 30 m²/g.

The invention discloses a pretreatment method before enriching and recycling precious of metal in plasma smelting. A precious metal enriched material obtained from invalid automobile catalysts after being treated by using a plasma smelting technique is pretreated before the precious metal is recycled according to the following steps: (1) putting a pretreatment object into a zirconium oxide crucible, further putting the zirconium oxide crucible into a high-frequency furnace of 8000-10000KHz, and heating to be 1600-1800 DEG C so as to melt the material; (2) connecting a quartz glass tube with oxygen, wherein the mouth of the tube is 15-25mm away from a liquid level formed by the molten material, the flow of oxygen is 150-200L/hour, and blowing oxygen for 60-120 minutes; and (3) casting the material obtained in the step (2), cooling for 30-60 minutes till the material is divided into two upper and lower layers, and removing an upper slag layer to obtain a lower metal phase layer. The material obtained from pretreatment can be easily dissolved in acid, no viscous substance is generated in the dissolving process, the solid-liquid separation can be conveniently performed, and the precious metal can be conveniently recycled.

The invention relates to an automobile catalyst and particularly relates to an automobile fuel saving and emission reducing mineral catalyst comprising the following components: SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, K2O, TiO2, MnO, Na2O and trace rare-earth minerals, wherein rear-earth metals contained in the trace rare-earth minerals in the whole catalyst account for 0.01-0.1% of the total weight of a catalytic system. The automobile fuel saving and emission reducing mineral catalyst is an inorganic mineral composition and mainly comprises silicon oxide. The automobile fuel saving and emission reducing mineral catalyst has thermoelectricity and piezoelectricity, can generate charges, release a great number of negative ions and radiation far infrared rays under a convection current condition or when heated, pressurized or excited by other energy, and has a special electromagnetic wave function. The automobile fuel saving and emission reducing mineral catalyst can be placed into an air inlet valve and an air filter, and can be used for improving the activity of an oxygen molecule so that the combustion efficiency is increased.

The invention discloses a method of separating, gathering and measuring platinum, palladium and rhodium in automotive catalyst. The method comprises the following steps: (1) the dissolution of a sample: weighting 0.5-1.5g of uniform catalyst sample with the grain size of 150 meshes or less to place in a polytetrafluoroethylene digestion tank, adding HCl and H2O2, closing the lid; placing the digestion tank in a constant temperature oven to dissolve the catalyst, withdrawing the digestion tank, transferring all the materials into a beaker by using distilled water, evaporating, filtrating, adding filtrate in a volumetric flask, performing constant volume, mixing evenly; (2) the coprecipitation, separation and enrichment of tellurium: pipetting a certain amount of sample solution into a beaker, adding concentrated hydrochloric acid and tellurium solution, controlling the solution to boil on an electric hot plate, dropwise adding SnCl2 solution to ensure that the yellow color disappears, alarge number of precipitate is prepared and some SnCl2 solution is excessive, heating continuously, replenishing tellurium solution, boiling the solution to boiling gently, taking the beaker down tocool the solution to room temperature, filtrating the solution, washing with water, precipitating; dropwise adding fresh warm aqua regia to dissolve, washing the funnel with water for several times; heating the solution to be nearly dry, transferring the obtained product with HCl to a volumetric flask, performing constant volume, mixing evenly; (3) measuring the content of Pt, Pd and Rh with ICP-AES under optimum instrument conditions.