The invention relates to the technical field of microorganisms, in particular to a complex microbial inoculant for efficient degradation of straw and a preparation method and application of the complex microbial inoculant. The complex microbial inoculant comprises a flora A, a flora B and a flora C; the flora A comprises aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus versicolor, trichoderma harzianum, phanerochaete chrysosporium and auricularia polytricha; the flora B comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens; and the flora C comprises depubyomyces hansenii, pichia guilliermondii, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus and aneurinibacillus. The flora A is used for preparing a microbial agent I, the flora A and the flora B are used for preparing a microbial agent II, the flora A and the flora C are used for preparing a microbial agent III, and the flora A, the flora B and the flora C are used for preparing a microbial agent IV. According to the complex microbial inoculant, the flora A which is close to the environment and has a lignocellulose degradation function is preferably selected from the natural environment by a traditional microbiological method, and the flora B and the flora C are combined to achieve a synergistic effect, so that the straw degradation efficiency is effectively improved, and the complex microbial inoculant has important guiding significance on straw resource utilization.