The present invention relates to methods and compositions for detecting, diagnosing, preventing, treating or ameliorating symptoms of demyelinating disorders in human or animal subjects in need thereof, the disorders being selected from: enterotoxemia (ET),
multiple sclerosis (MS), clinically confirmed MS (CDMS),
clinically isolated syndrome (CIS),
neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD),
optic neuritis (ON),
neuromyelitis optica (NMO),
myelitis,
myelitis, transverse
myelitis (TM), diseases or disorders characterized by increased or presence of antibodies to
aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) and / or
astrocyte damage, and
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). The method comprises administering to the subject a composition comprising an effective amount of an agent that directly or indirectly interferes with an epsilon
toxin (Etx) produced by a type B or D strain of
Clostridium perfringens, an Etx-binding
receptor, or the interaction of Etx with its binding
receptor, thereby inhibiting or suppressing the
receptor signaling activity regulated by Etx. The present invention also provides novel polypeptides useful as vaccines against diseases caused by or associated with the epsilon
toxin of
Clostridium perfringens.