126 results about "Ledebouriella seseloides" patented technology

The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine herbicide. The traditional Chinese medicine herbicide is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of tripterygium wilfordii hook, 30-50 parts of stemona japonica, 12-30 parts of combretum indicum, 20-40 parts of gastrodia elata, 10-20 parts of semen cuscutae, 10-25 parts of sophora flavescens, 8-18 parts of ledebouriella seseloides wolff, 15-40 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 18-35 parts of melia azedarach seeds, 20-40 parts of semen pharbitidis, 12-30 parts of garlic, 17-30 parts of zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim and 15-35 parts of cyrtomium fortunei. The traditional Chinese medicine herbicide is prepared from 13 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine components containing insecticide and inhibiting components, such as the tripterygium wilfordii hook, stemona japonica, combretum indicum, gastrodia elata, semen cuscutae, sophora flavescens, ledebouriella seseloides wolff, folium artemisiae argyi, melia azedarach seeds, semen pharbitidis, garlic, zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim and cyrtomium fortunei; the prepared traditional Chinese medicine herbicide is matched with a carrier, so that the traditional Chinese medicine herbicide can be used for preventing and treating a plurality of weeds, and has the good weeding effect and wide weeding spectrum; and the traditional Chinese medicine herbicide is easy to prepare, does not contain chemical components, has no damages to the environment and human beings and is applicable to popularization and application.

The invention provides an oral capsule used to cure the pains in neck, waist and legs, as well as the preparation method thereof. The oral capsule is composed of 36 species of traditional Chinese medicines by the weight ratios and the formula as follows (takes preparing 1000 oral capsules as the standard): heracleum hemsleyanum michaux 9 to 90 gram, gentian root 9 to 90 gram, ledebouriella seseloides 9 to 90 gram, asarum herb 3 to 30 gram, viscum album 12 to 120 gram, angelica 9 to 90 gram, white peony root 9 to 90 gram, ligusticus wallichii franchet 8 to 80 gram, arable land 9 to 90 gram, cortex eucommiae 10 to 100 gram, butter 10 to 100 gram, butcher shop 9 to 90 gram, Japanese teasel 12 to 120 gram, cassia bark 5 to 50 gram, codonopsis pilosula 12 to 120 gram, astragalus root 12 to 120 gram, rhizoma gastrodiae 6 to 60 gram, Chinese wolfberry 12 to 120, kudzu root 10 to 100 gram, akebiaquinata 10 to 100 gram, atractylis ovata 10 to 100 gram, clematis chinensis 10 to 100 gram, safflower 6 to 60 gram, cortex moutan 6 to 60 gram, mastic 6 to 60 gram, common myrrh 6 to 60 gram, Chinese flowering quince 10 to 100 gram, drynaria 12 to 120 gram, caulis spatholobi 12 to 120 gram, panax notoginseng 10 to 100 gram, crow 10 to 100 gram, dried body of scorpion 9 to 90 gram, centipedes 2 to 15, dragon blood 10 to 100 gram, eupolyphaga 12 to 120 gram and broiled licorice root 0 to 30 gram; the quality of all traditional Chinese medicines satisfies the standard of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and the traditional Chinese medicines are made into powder according to the Chinese traditional medicine preparation method, and are then canned into capsules.

The invention provides a medicine for curing the tinea pedis. The medicine comprises the traditional Chinese medicines such as angilo, corbicula meal, mussel, betel nut, corn stigma, rheum officinale, gallnut, syzygium aromaticum, rhizoma atractylodis, golden cypress, alum, purslane, pepper, pawpaw, liquorice, fructus kochiae, garden burnet, radix puerariae, agastache rugosus, groundsel, cortex dictamni, ledebouriella seseloides, fructus cnidii, sealwort, ailanthus prickly ash, lily, perilla leaf, arrowhead and lightyellow sophora root. The medicine has the beneficial effects of: having the function of curing the tinea pedis and the function of protecting the skin, being capable of swelling, softening and stripping the epidermic cells into a cutin stripping agent in a wet environment, being capable of restraining the happening process of the inflammation, and having the function of dual-inflammation. When the medicine is in use, the medicine can be used for effectively reducing the dryness and the tension of the skin, and is small in excitability and easy to accept by a patient.

The invention relates to Chinese herbal medicine sugar and tea drink preparation for preventing and treating cold, which is used to prevent and treat rhinitis, acute tonsil inflammation, laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia and other diseases caused by cold and upper respiratory tract infection. The preparation comprises schizonepeta, ledebouriella seseloides, peucedanum, perilla, campanulaceae, ginger, licorice, bupleurum, heracleum hemsleyanum michaux, rhizoma ligustici wallichii, tuckahoe, citrus aurantium, almond, dried orange peel, glucose and the like, and has the advantages of rich raw herb, easy preparation, convenient taking, strong targeting power, good therapeutic effect, no toxic and side effect and 100 percent total efficient rate of clinical application symptomatic treatment. Particularly, the Chinese herbal medicine sugar and tea drink preparation which is a technical innovation to the nowadays international medical application, and is researched, developed and carried forward makes up for the gap of the subject field, and is the significant progress of the research on the modern medicine and traditional Chinese herbal medicine straw tea culture, and the Chinese herbal medicine sugar and tea drink preparation.

The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating cold and relieving cough. The traditional Chinese medicine composition takes cymose buckwheat rhizome as the monarch, and is prepared from the following raw material medicines in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of cymose buckwheat rhizome, 40-60 parts of radix adenophorae, 20-40 parts of bupleurum, 20-40 parts of coltsfoot flower, 20-40 parts of radix scutellariae, 20-40 parts of radix stemonae, 10-30 parts of herba schizonepetae, 10-30 parts of aster tataricus, 10-30 parts of ledebouriella seseloides, 10-30 parts ofradix peucedani, 10-30 parts of folium eriobotryae, 10-30 parts of campanulaceae, 10-30 parts of fructus schizandrae, 10-22 parts of bitter almond, 5-15 parts of pummelo peel, 5-15 parts of prepared pinellia and the like. The traditional Chinese medicine composition can be used for treating swelling and sore throat, cough or excessive phlegm and other syndromes caused by cold.

The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine for treating periodontitis. The traditional Chinese medicine is prepared from the following raw materials according to a weight ratio: 10-20 of anemarrhena, 15-25 of gypsum, 10-25 of gardenia, 5-15 of reed root, 10-20 of dried rehmannia root, 30-50 of isatis leaf, 30-50 of rhizoma coptidis, 3-8 of phellodendron bark, 5-15 of balloon flower, 10-25 of pubescent angelica root, 10-20 of ledebouriella seseloides, 20-45 of mint, 10-20 of herba schizonepetae, 5-15 of Ligusticum wallichii, 20-40 of gentian root, 5-15 of notopterygium, 10-20 of psoralea, 40-60 of pipewort, 5-15 of medlar, 5-15 of eucommia, 10-25 of cowpea, 10-20 of yam, 15-30 of gordon euryale and 20-40 of epimedium. The traditional Chinese medicine for treating periodontitis disclosed by the invention has good actions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, diminishing inflammation and sterilizing, eliminating swelling and alleviating paint, tonifying kidneys and consolidating teeth and the like, and has good treatment effects on gum swelling, bleeding and paint, gingival recession, purulent discharge of pocket, loosening of teeth and other periodontitis symptoms.

The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating skin diseases. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is a preparation prepared from the following traditional Chinese medicine raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of cortex dictamni, 10-20 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 2-5 parts of creat, 5-15 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 10-20 parts of radix stemonae, 5-15 parts of pericarpium zanthoxyli, 10-20 parts of radix rehmanniae, 10-20 parts of radix ophiopogonis, 10-20 parts of radix paeoniae alba, 10-20 parts of cortex lycii radicis, 5-15 parts of tribulus terrestris, 5-15 parts of schisandra chinensis, 5-15 parts of angelica and 10-20 parts of ledebouriella seseloides. The traditional Chinese medicine composition disclosed by the invention is exact in curative effect, as shown in clinical verification, the traditional Chinese medicine composition is remarkable in curative effect, reliable in action, mild in medicine property and free of side effect, and the traditional Chinese medicine composition can used for treating such skin diseases as cutaneous pruritus, urticaria, neurodermatitis, etc. When being used for curing cutaneous pruritus, the total effective rate can be greater than 90%.

The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating lung diseases, and belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicines. The drug is an orally administered preparation prepared from medical materials and pharmaceutically common auxiliary materials by a pharmaceutically common process, wherein the medical materials include honeysuckle, nepeta, peucedanum, fried radix cynanchi, almond, fritillaria, red tangerine peel, forsythia, fried stemona, aster, platycodon root, American ginseng, fried lily, reed root, fried ephedra, costazia bone, fructus perillae, fried loquat leaf, fried poppy shell, ledebouriella seseloides, skullcap, gypsum and licorice. Clinical tests prove that the pharmaceutical composition has good treatment effects on emphysema, pulmonary heart disease, asthma, phlegmatic chronic trachitis and other lung diseases.

The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine for treating toothache, which is prepared by the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of poppy shell, 8-10 parts of Chinese magnoliavine fruit, 6-8 parts of tuber onion seed, 10-12 parts of teasel root, 8-10 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla, 8-10 parts of cowherb seed, 5-7 parts of anomalous wormwood, 10-14 parts of fructus forsythiae, 6-8 parts of ledebouriella seseloides, 4-8 parts of kudzu-vine root, 6-10 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 3-5 parts of pepper, 4-6 parts of asarum, 5-7 parts of radix angelicae, 4-6 partsof szechuan lovage rhizome, 6-8 parts of cimicifuga foetida, 2-4 parts of gentian, 6-8 parts of cortex lycii radicis, 6-8 parts of notopterygium root, 6-8 parts of rheum officinale and 5-7 parts of lalang grass rhizome. The invention has the advantages of no toxic and side effect, safety, reliability, good curative effect, obvious effect, convenient taking, less dosage, easy absorption and rapid action, achieves an ache relief effect generally after 5-7 minutes, completely plays a role after 15 minutes, is healed by taking for one day, has no recrudescence phenomenon for several months and even one year, is suitable for both the young and the old and is reduced for children in dosage.

The invention discloses a tincture for treating circumscribed neuro dermatitis and a preparation method thereof. The tincture is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-10 parts of Chinese angelica root, 50-10 parts of rehmannia glutinosa, 50-10 parts of tuber fleeceflower root, 50-10 parts of tribulus terrestris, 50-10 parts of ledebouriella seseloides, 50-10 parts of sophorae flavescentis, 50-10 parts of root-bark of ditlany, 50-10 parts of common cnidium fruit, 50-10 parts of broom cypress fruit, 50-10 parts of nutgall and 200-400 parts of 75% ethanol. The preparation method of the tincture comprises the following steps of: adding the Chinese angelica root, the rehmannia glutinosa, the tuber fleeceflower root, the tribulus terrestris, the ledebouriella seseloides, the sophorae flavescentis, the root-bark of ditlany, the common cnidium fruit, the broom cypress fruit and the nutgall into the 75% ethanol and soaking for 10 days; then filtering decocted dreg and obtaining filtrate which is the tincture for treating thecumscribed neuro dermatitis; and respectively loading the tincture into plastic bottles for later use. The invention has the benefits that the tincture is a pure Chinese medicine preparation and has no uncomfortable feeling or side effects except that an individual patient allergic to the ethanol should take the medicine cautiously. In addition, the tincture can heal the skin lesion more quickly, is simple and feasible and is worthy of popularizing and apply so as to relieve the pain of broad patients.

The invention relates to a silver cicada Chinese medicine preparation for treating liver cancer, esophagus cancer and gastric cancer and a preparation method thereof. The silver cicada Chinese medicine preparation for treating the liver cancer, the esophagus cancer and the gastric cancer is prepared from the following raw materials in the certain parts by weight: silver foil, full scorpion, cicada slough, red dates, dragon's blood, full toad, ancient lime, ledebouriella seseloides, lucid ganoderma, borneol and sugar. The silver cicada Chinese medicine preparation has the curative effects of eliminating cancers, relieving pain, clearing blood and clearing away toxic materials, and activating the blood circulation and benefiting qi, has the functions of eliminating cancer cells, releasing patient pain, and modifying organs of cancer patients, has unique curative effect on the cancers, the gastric cancer and the esophagus cancer, can be used for largely releasing pains of patients on a chemotherapy and an operation, and also reducing the economic burden of the patients; in addition, the raw materials utilized in the silver cicada Chinese medicine preparation disclosed by the invention are abundant, the preparation method is simple and convenient, the cost is low, and the silver cicada Chinese medicine preparation is economical and applicable.

The invention discloses an external medicine for curing hyperosteogeny and a preparation method thereof. The external medicine comprises cassia twig, dioscorea nipponica makino, berba aristolochiae mollissimae, rhizoma corydalis, cortex eucommiae, radix achyranthis bidentatae, radix aconiti feri, radix angelicae pubescentis, ledebouriella seseloides, phryma leptostachya, rhizoma ligustici wallichii, notopterygium root, radix stephaniae tetrandrae, olibanum, myrrh, kadsura pepper stem, radix gentianae macrophyllae, radix dipsaci, caulis sinomenii, rhizoma cibotii, radix aconiti, rhizoma drynariae, hawthorns, dark plum fruits, rhizoma arisaematis, radix paeoniae rubra, rhizoma homalomenae, radix aconiti carmichaeli, aconitum fischeri peichb, lycopodium clavatum, radix clematidis, caulis spatholobi, paniculate swallowwort root, radix salviae miltiorrhizae, camphor, long-noded pit viper and centipedes. The preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing raw materials; soaking; stewing; filtering; and concentrating into paste. Compared with an original external medicine, the external medicine disclosed by the invention achieves the outstanding advancement.

The invention relates to a medicament for treating wind-cold evil, in particular to a traditional Chinese patent medicine prepared by using Chinese herbal medicines as raw medicines. The invention also relates to a preparation method of the medicament. The invention aims at providing traditional Chinese medicinal granules for treating headache, bodily pain, cough, chest distress and breathing difficulty caused by wind-cold evil. The traditional Chinese medicinal granules have the efficacy of relieving exterior syndromes, clearing away cold, expelling the wind, alleviating pain, eliminating phlegm and stopping cough and also has medical efficacy of virus resistance, in vitro antibacterium, inflammatory resistance, fever allaying and the like. The traditional Chinese medicinal granules are mainly prepared from the following raw medicines by weight proportion: 60-100 parts of herba schizonepetae, 150-180 parts of semen sojae praeparatum, 150-180 parts of angelica dahurica, 150-180 parts of ledebouriella seseloides, 150-180 parts of balloon flower, 200-300 parts of perilla leaf, 80-120 parts of bitter almond, 60-110 parts of magnolia liliflora desr, 60-100 parts of dried ginger, 60-100 parts of peppermint and 50-80 parts of liquorice.

The invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine composition for curing wind cold and a preparation method thereof. The traditional Chinese medicine composition contains the following components of cassia twig, hemlock parsley, angelica dahurica, ledebouriella seseloides, baikal skullcap root, bupleurum, peppermint and liquorice. The preparation method comprises the following steps: taking the peppermint and the angelica dahurica for extracting naphtha; adding water in decoction dregs and the other six components and boiling twice for 1-3 hours every time; merging and filtering the boiled liquid; concentrating the filtrate to form clear paste with the relative density being about 1.10-1.20; adding ethanol with the alcohol content of 50-70 percent into the clear paste, mixing, setting aside and filtering; recovering the ethanol from the filtrate and concentrating the filtrate into clear paste with the relative density being about 1.25-1.35 (80 DGE C) after the ethanol in the filtrate is recycled; and adding auxiliary materials into the clear paste to produce various general formulations in the field, such as granules, capsules, troches and dripping pills. A pharmacodynamic experiment shows that the traditional Chinese medicine composition has remarkable functions of anti-inflammation, antivirus as well as fever and pain relief.

The invention discloses violet magnolia rhinitis powder which comprises the following crude drugs in parts by weight: 20 parts of violet magnolia, 60 parts of dahurian patrinia herb, 300 parts of mint, 200 parts of perilla leaves, 400 parts of liquorice, 500 parts of pogostemon cablin, 500 parts of cocklebur fruit, 18 parts of centipeda minima, 100 parts of coptis chinensis, 200 parts of elecampane, 150 parts of ledebouriella seseloides, 150 parts of houttuynia cordata, 280 parts of chrysanthemum, 360 parts of evodia lepta, 30 parts of catechu, 120 parts of indigo naturalis, 50 parts of euphorbia kansui and 25 parts of radix puerariae. The violet magnolia rhinitis powder is scientifically prepared from pure Chinese medicinal herbs and has the effects of expelling wind and removing heat, diminishing inflammation and detoxifies and can be used for treating rhinitis, influenza and rhinorrhea and nasal congestion without relapsing. The violet magnolia has the characteristics of convenient taking, less dosage and favorable curative effect, high total effective rate of more than 99 percent and high effectual rate of more than 95 percent.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a Chinese herbal immunostimulant for flatfish. The fermented Chinese herbal immunostimulant for the flatfish has multiple effects of prevention, health, treatment, immune regulation and the like, and is an ideal, green, environment-friendly, safe and novel feed additive for substituting antibiotics. The fermented Chinese herbal feed additive is prepared from hericium erinaceus, artemisia capillaris, codonopsis pilosula, honeysuckle, poria cocos, selfheal, liquorice, astragalus membranaceus, bighead atractylodes rhizome, fructus forsythiae, ledebouriella seseloides wolff., hawthorn, radix stemonae and other compound Chinese herbs by a process of ultrasound-assisted Chinese herb extraction and two-step fermentation of multi-strain aerobic fermentation and multi-strain anaerobic fermentation. The fermented Chinese herbal immunostimulant for the flatfish has dual advantages of Chinese herbs and probiotics, and can efficiently condition intestinal health of the flatfish, treat both symptoms and root causes, strength the foundation and invigorate Qi, maintain the intestinal microecological balance and an optimal immune state, improve digestion and absorption of nutrients, improve the body immunity of the flatfish, increase the farming income and reduce farming risks; as a substituent for the antibiotics, the fermented Chinese herbal immunostimulant has no adverse effect on the flatfish and is safe to use and free of drug residue, drug resistance and other problems; therefore, the fermented Chinese herbal immunostimulant has a broad market prospect.

The invention relates to a health food, in particular to qi invigorating and blood nourishing paste which is used for improving human immunologic functions and belongs to the technical field of healthfoods. The qi invigorating and blood nourishing paste is prepared from traditional Chinese herbal medicines through soaking with yellow wine, stewing and paste collection. In the formulation of the qi invigorating and blood nourishing paste, white ginseng and antler glue have the efficacy of invigorating qi and tonifying blood, radix astragali is slightly warm in nature and has sweet flavor and the efficacy of invigorating qi for strengthening superficies, suppressing sweat for detoxication, promoting tissue regeneration, inducing diuresis and reducing edema, cinnamon has the efficacy of supplementing fire and supporting yang, letting the fire back to the origin, eliminating cold to stop pain and activating blood to promote menstruation, and ledebouriella seseloides has the efficacy of relieving superficies syndromes by means of diaphoresis, dispersing pathogenic wind, eliminating dampness and relieving pain. Medical effects can develop together by the combination of the Chinese herbal medicines, and the qi invigorating and blood nourishing paste can invigorate qi, activate blood and improve the human immunologic functions to keep humans away from subhealthy conditions after beingtaken.

The invention relates to a skin health-care product, in particular to a health-care product which can take care of the face skin and oral lip. The weight proportions of the components of the invention are as follows: respectively 5 to 8 portions of bletilla striata, angelica anomala, ampelopsis japonica (thunb) makino, atractylodes, white lotus bud, white semen pharbitidis, dolichos lablab, white muscardine silkworm, white poria cocos, syringa oblata var.affinis lingelsh and rhizoma typhonii, respectively 2-5 portions of white asarum heterotropoides, schizonepeta tenuifolia briq, pubescent angelica, notopterygium and ledebouriella seseloides; apart from the above components, at least one of the following components can be added, respectively 2-5 portions of pearl powder, nardostachys chinensis batal and spirodela polyrrhiza(L) schleid of respective and 5-8 portions of white pigeon feces. With the functions of dispelling spots, removing wrinkles, and keeping moistures, the invention can make the skin smooth and the oral lip bright with obvious health-care and beautifying effects and no toxic and side effects.

The invention relates to the field of medicine formulas and particularly relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition used for treating ulcerative colitis. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is characterized by being prepared from the following raw drugs in parts by weight: 5 to 9 parts of coptis chinensis, 4 to 7 parts of dried ginger, 4 to 8 parts of fried white atractylodes rhizomes, 4 to 7 parts of fried white peony roots, 4 to 8 parts of dried tangerine or orange peels, 5 to 8 parts of Ledebouriella seseloides Wolff., 6 to 9 parts of dandelions, 6 to 9 parts of dahurian patrinia herb, 7 to 9 parts of purslane, 6 to 9 parts of Chinese pulsatilla roots, 2 to 5 parts of pseudo-ginseng, 6 to 9 parts of rhizoma bletillae, 2 to 5 parts of indigo naturalis, 4 to 6 parts of agrimonia pilosa, 2 to 4 parts of Chinese angelica, 4 to 6 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 2 to 4 parts of honey-fried liquorice roots and 7 to 9 parts of codonopsis pilosula. The raw drugs are immersed with water and are decocted, and the mixture is filtered to remove dreg to obtain a filtrate.

The invention relates to a compound medicine for treatment of common cold at its earlier stage caused by external coldness, chief materials are of part by weight, herba schizeneptae 5-90, Ledebouriella seseloides Wolff.; 5-90 and auxiliary material acceptable by pharmacology to be prepared into orally medicine. When fabricating said compound, first extracting essential oil from herba schizeneptae and Ledebouriella seseloides Wolff, obtaining extracting solution after another extraction, concentration and purification of remains thereof, either treating essential oil and extracting solution separately or together to obtain sorts of forms of said compound medicine.

The invention relates to a novel traditional Chinese medicine for treating rheumatic lumbocrural pains. The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine comprises the following steps of: taking 100g of zaocys dhumnade, putting the zaocys dhumnade in a pot, spraying wine on the zaocys dhumnade and roasting for use, wherein the weight ratio of the zaocys dhumnade to white spirit is 10:1; mixing 100g of tenuifolia, 60g of Ledebouriella seseloides Wolff, 100g of rhizoma cyperi, 100g of ground beeltle, 100g of radix clematidis, 150g of pawpaw, 100g of rhizoma corydalis, 100g of lycopodium clavatum, 60g of red flower, 40g of frankincense, 40g of myrrh, 60g of liquorice, 100g of Eucommia bark, 100g of hedyotis hedyotidea, 100g of teasel and 200g of rhizoma cibotii and the zaocys dhumnade which is fried with wine, and putting the mixture in a sieve; filtering by clean water; taking out and drying; grinding into powder and preparing into pills by a machine. The novel traditional Chinese medicine for treating the rheumatic lumbocrural pains can be used for controlling breathing, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain, expelling wind and removing cold, removing dampness and reducing swelling, stimulating the circulation of the blood and causing the muscles and joints to relax. The novel traditional Chinese medicine has obvious effect for treating rheumatic lumbocrural pains, specifically for treating patients with scapulohumeral periarthritis. The novel traditional Chinese medicine has safe and stable medicine effect and high curinge rate and is free of side effect.

The invention relates to four-season cold pills, used for curing four-season cold, in particular suitable for pregnant women catching a cold; the main components comprise balloon-flower root of Chinese traditional medicine, folium perillae acutae, dried old orange peel, herbal schizonepetae, dyers woad leaf, forsythia, liquorice (roasted), flatsedge (fried) and ledebouriella seseloides; the pills are made by composing traditional techniques and modern techniques. The invention has conducted deepened research for the effective components of the medication, which improves the quality and curative effectiveness of the product and better satisfies the requirement of clinical application.