The invention discloses a bletilla striata cultivation method which is composed of forest land selection, land preparation, transplantation and cultivation management and the like. Compared with the prior art, according to the bletilla striata cultivation method, the under-forest space can be utilized effectively, the planting cost is reduced, the forest land unit area earning is improved, the planting cycle can be shortened, and bletilla striata quality and yield are improved. By utilizing cultivated seedlings of bletilla striata, the shortcomings that the tuber reproductive cycle is long, the reproductive efficiency is low, the seed consumption amount is large, the planting cost is high and plenty of artificial cultivation cannot be met easily can be overcome effectively. In addition, according to the method, agricultural straw and rice husk return to fields, not only can the environmental pollution caused by straw incineration be avoided, but also the soil structure can be changed, the soil fertility is improved, and the damage to the ecological environment caused by the use of chemical fertilizer is avoided.