The invention discloses an asymmetric near-
infrared squaraine dye, a preparation method thereof and an application thereof. According to the invention, an m-aminophenol derivative and the
squaric acid are mixed to dissolve in an appropriate
solvent, and then are subjected to the
backflow water-diversion treatment in the
nitrogen protection environment. After that, the
resultant obtained reaction mixture is cooled to be at the
room temperature and subjected to the decompression treatment to remove the
solvent. The
resultant crude product is purified through the
silica gel column chromatography process to prepare the asymmetric near-
infrared squaraine dye. According to the technical scheme of the invention, through introducing an
oxygen-
ether chain, the dissolvability of the
squaraine dye in an
aqueous solution can be effectively improved. The obtained asymmetric near-
infrared squaraine dye is good in stability and excellent in optical performance, which can be used as a
protein biomarker for dual responses of
fluorescence reaction and colorimetric reaction. The asymmetric near-infrared squaraine dye can be applied in multiple fields of biological molecule marking, analyzing, separating, and the like.