61results about How to "Accuracy does not affect" patented technology

The invention relates to a mobile robot positioning system and a method based on the plurality of the two-dimensional code readers. The mobile robot positioning system and the method are characterized in that the positioning system comprises a two-dimensional code positioning controller mounted on a mobile robot trolley, at least two two-dimensional code readers and two-dimensional code tags which are distributed on the ground, the two-dimensional code positioning controller is composed of a microprocessor and a communication interface which is connected with the at least two two-dimensional code readers; and the positioning method includes building three coordinate systems, calculating a deviation angle of the mobile robot trolley in a trolley coordinate system relative to a central point connection line of two two-dimensional codes, calculating a deviation angle of the central point connection line of two two-dimensional codes relative to a world coordinate system and calculating a deviation angle of the mobile robot trolley relative to the world coordinate system to obtain an accurate position of the mobile robot. According to the mobile robot positioning system and the method, the design is reasonable, an accurate positioning function for the mobile robot is achieved, and advantages of high accuracy and stability, implement convenience and the like are provided.

The invention provides a circuit and a method for switch power supply feedback voltage detection and sampling and holding. The circuit provided by the invention comprises a clock control circuit, a control sampling clock, a sampling and holding circuit, a waiting state control circuit, a learning state control circuit, an increment control circuit, a system control circuit and a delay circuit, wherein the sampling and holding circuit samples an input voltage at different time in two paths and selects a larger value to be output; the waiting state control circuit controls sampling and waits till a waveform is stable; the learning state control circuit controls the time sequence of a learning state; the increment control circuit controls an increment circuit which realizes two adjacent times of sampling; the system control circuit controls a finite state machine together with other circuits; and the delay circuit realizes required delay. In the method of the invention, an entire switching period of a switch power supply is divided into five states in turn: a PWM open state, a waiting state, a learning state, a detection state and a demagnetization ending state; the five states form the finite state machine; and the detection and sampling and holding of a feedback voltage can be realized by controlling the state switching and output of the finite state machine.

The invention relates to a quantitative measuring method of a lithium ion battery electrolyte solvent, which relates to a quantitative measuring method of a battery electrolyte solvent, and solves the problems of the existing lithium ion battery electrolyte solvent and the additive quantitative analysis method that the requirement on detection equipment is high, the price is high, the detection process is complicated, the quantitative detection accuracy is low and the detection is easily subjected to the interference of impurities. The measuring method comprises the following steps: I, preparing an inner standard solution identical in internal standard substance concentration; II, drawing an internal standard working curve; III, preparing a detection solution; and IV, calculating the concentration of a component in the detection solution according to a specific value Y of the chromatographic peak area to the internal standard substance chromatographic peak area. The method is suitable for detecting a great number of analysis samples and has advantages of high detection speed, little time, high efficiency and the like.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a multi-biological-characteristic fusion identity authentication method, which adopts more than two types of biological characteristic identity information to carry out identity authentication and attestation so as to bring higher identification accuracy. The method of the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: collecting at least two types of biological characteristic identity information of a user to be identified; carrying out characteristic extraction on the at least two types of collected biological characteristic identity information to obtain corresponding characteristic information; according to the characteristic information, establishing characteristic matrixes, wherein the biological characteristic identity information, the characteristic information and the characteristic matrixes have one-to-one correspondence relationships; carrying out normalization processing on all characteristic matrixes; carrying out dynamic weighting fusion on all normalized characteristic matrixes to obtain a fusion characteristic matrix; according to the fusion characteristic matrix and a preset corresponding standard matrix , carrying out matching to obtain a corresponding matching score; and according to a Bayesian decision model and the matching score, obtaining an identity identification result of the user to be identified. The embodiment of the invention also provides a multi-biological-characteristic fusion identity authentication device.

The invention provides a method for manufacturing a quartz crystal wafer for a high-precision piezoelectric transducer. The method comprises the following steps: (1) material selection, wherein raw materials with the number of etch channels smaller than 50 are selected; (2), material orientation cutting, wherein the selected raw materials are oriented on an X-ray orientation device in the needed crystal orientation, and then a multiline cutting manner is used for cutting the quartz crystal into the wafer with the needed thickness; (3), material forming, wherein the wafer is machined into a needed shape; (4), surface treatment, wherein the formed wafer is ground by a green silicon carbide grinding material with the gradually-decreased granularity, and then polished; and (5), stress relieving. Through the five steps of material selection-material orientation cutting-material forming-surface treatment-stress relieving, the manufactured quartz crystal wafer is high in precision and stability and completely can meet needs of the piezoelectric transducer, and the processing steps can reach the higher processing precision.

The invention belongs to the field of intelligent transportation technologies of safe city and smart city projects, and specifically relates to a license plate error correction method based on licenseplate similarity. The method provide by the invention comprises the steps that the vehicle passing information of each vehicle is acquired from a data source, and license plates which do not conformto license plate naming rules are filtered out to form statistical data; according to similar license plate number analysis, the corresponding number of each license plate number in the same group ofsimilar license plate set is counted, and proportion comparing of corresponding number of each license plate number is carried out; the vehicle passing time difference between the correct license plate and each similar license plate in the same group of similar license plate set and the distance between vehicle passing gates, so as to acquire the required speed of a vehicle from one gate to the other gate; the maximum travel speed threshold Vmax of vehicles is set, and if Vmax is less than or equal to V, correcting is carried out; and if V is greater than Vmax, correcting is not carried out. According to the invention, inaccurate vehicle passing information is corrected and identified, and the accuracy of vehicle passing data is improved.

The invention discloses a chip-type atom gravimeter and a method of the gravimeter for measuring gravity. The gravimeter comprises an atom chip, a glass vacuum chamber, an ion pump, a current feedthrough, a vacuum valve and a four-way connector, wherein four openings of the four-way connector are connected with the glass vacuum chamber, the ion pump, the current feedthrough and the vacuum valve respectively; the atom chip is connected with the glass vacuum chamber; and a wire structure on the atom chip comprises a first wire in an x direction, a second wire, a third wire, a first coplanar micro waveguide and a second coplanar micro waveguide; the second wire and the third wire are in a y direction; and the first coplanar micro waveguide and the second coplanar micro waveguide are in the x direction. The method comprises the steps that the surface of the atom chip generates a three-dimensional atom trapped potential well; cold atoms are loaded into the trapped potential well; the cold atoms with different inner forms are separated and merged in a one-dimensional waveguide by the two coplanar micro waveguides; and the speed of the gravity is calculated according to interference fringes. The gravimeter is convenient to carry, very high in sensitivity and wide in application prospect; and the integral time of the gravimeter is not determined by the length of a space.

The invention is applicable to the technical field of LED packaging, and provides a die bonder and a die bonding method. The die bonder comprises a worktable system used for moving an LED framework, a wafer positioning system used for positioning wafers, and a die bonding system used for picking up wafers and fixing the wafers on the LED framework, wherein the die bonding system comprises a die bonding arm, a rotary driving mechanism and a telescopic driving mechanism; the worktable system has a worktable; the rotary driving mechanism drives the die bonding arm to be perpendicular to the worktable or drive the die bonding arm and the worktable to rotate in a plane at a certain angle; and the telescopic driving mechanism drives the die bonding arm to perform linear telescopic movement. Moving mechanisms of the wafers and the LED framework are staggered in space layout without causing mutual interference, so that the problem in applicability of the large-dimensional LED framework is solved; therefore, the ultra-big and ultra-wide LED framework can be manufactured while the precision is not affected; original small LED frameworks can be assembled together, so that feeding and discharging time can be reduced, thereby improving the production efficiency.

The invention relates to a three-dimensional imaging and reconstruction method of a millimeter wave cylindrical surface holographic imaging system. The method comprises the steps of obtaining an echosignal under a cylindrical coordinate system; obtaining an echo signal of a detected target and a corresponding spatial wave number spectrum from the range profile sequence of the echo signal; decomposing the spatial wave number spectrum along a height axis and a distance axis to obtain single-frequency three-dimensional imaging data of each frequency point of the transmitting signal under the cylindrical coordinate system; obtaining cylindrical coordinate target three-dimensional imaging data through coherent accumulation and reconstructing into rectangular coordinate target three-dimensionalimaging data; and obtaining three-dimensional point cloud data of the target three-dimensional imaging data under cylindrical coordinates or rectangular coordinates and reconstructing into a corresponding target three-dimensional surface. According to the method, the three-dimensional imaging result is directly obtained under the cylindrical coordinate system, the precision loss caused by the spatial wave number spectral domain conversion operation from the cylindrical coordinate to the rectangular coordinate is avoided, and the omnibearing high-quality imaging result of the target can be obtained at one time; the imaging range can be set, and the imaging efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses a floating connector, and belongs to the technical field of honing machining. The floating connector comprises a connection body assembly and an auxiliary connection body, wherein the connection body assembly comprises a main connection body and a lower sealing cover; the head part of the auxiliary connection body is accommodated in a floating cavity in the lower end of themain connection body; the lower sealing cover sleeves outside the auxiliary connection body, and is detachably connected with the lower end of the main connection body; a cross block is further arranged in the floating cavity, and slidably connected between the bottom of the floating cavity and the top of the auxiliary connection body; and the auxiliary connection body and the cross block form clearance fit with the inner wall of the floating cavity, and the lower sealing cover forms clearance fit with the outer wall of the auxiliary connection body. According to the floating connector, a structure that the cross block forms horizontal slide fit with the main connection body and the auxiliary connection body is used for replacing a traditional universal joint, so that a tool is enabled tomuch stably float in the horizontal direction, higher honing machining accuracy is achieved, and an orifice is not liable to be machined to be in the shape of a horn; and in addition, due to a centering design during the rotation of the tool, the tool is not liable to swing, accurate entrance into the orifice, of the tool, is achieved, and damage to the orifice is avoided.

The invention provides a circuit and a method for switch power supply feedback voltage detection and sampling and holding. The circuit provided by the invention comprises a clock control circuit, a control sampling clock, a sampling and holding circuit, a waiting state control circuit, a learning state control circuit, an increment control circuit, a system control circuit and a delay circuit, wherein the sampling and holding circuit samples an input voltage at different time in two paths and selects a larger value to be output; the waiting state control circuit controls sampling and waits till a waveform is stable; the learning state control circuit controls the time sequence of a learning state; the increment control circuit controls an increment circuit which realizes two adjacent times of sampling; the system control circuit controls a finite state machine together with other circuits; and the delay circuit realizes required delay. In the method of the invention, an entire switching period of a switch power supply is divided into five states in turn: a PWM open state, a waiting state, a learning state, a detection state and a demagnetization ending state; the five states form the finite state machine; and the detection and sampling and holding of a feedback voltage can be realized by controlling the state switching and output of the finite state machine.

The invention discloses an adjustment method for reflectors of a periscopic type acquisition and tracking mechanism. According to the method, three theodolites are used for building coordinate systems to adjust the reflectors of the periscopic type acquisition and tracking mechanism, one theodolite serves as a datum optical axis through an installation datum plane, the datum is transmitted to the other two theodolites according to a geometrical optical principle to build one coordinate system so as to monitor the position of an orientation reflector in real time, then the position of the orientation reflector is adjusted well, the orientation reflector is locked and fixed, the position of a pitching reflector is monitored by rebuilding one coordinate system of another theodolite, the depth of parallelism of received light beams and emitted light beams of the periscopic type acquisition and tracking mechanism is greater than one thousandth according to the technical index requirement, and light tangency is avoided.

The invention discloses a training method and device of a machine learning model. The method comprises the steps of performing single training on the current machine learning model based on each training sample; obtaining an initial feature contribution degree set of each training sample of which the training result meets a preset condition, determining a target feature contribution degree in eachinitial feature contribution degree set, wherein the target feature contribution degree in the target feature contribution degree set is greater than other feature contribution degrees in the initialfeature contribution degree set; based on each target feature contribution degree set, constructing a target training sample; and training the current machine learning model based on the target training sample. According to the training method, the target features with the large feature contribution degree are reserved in the target training sample; the influence on the training accuracy of the current machine learning model is small; and compared with manual screening, the speed is high, and the training accuracy of the model is not affected.

The invention discloses an automobile transmission shaft length detection device with an elastic element. The automobile transmission shaft length detection device comprises a base, a sliding rail, a fixed plate, a movable plate, cylinder clamping devices, the elastic element, a motor driving device, a force sensor and a supporting device. The sliding rail is fixed to the upper portion of the base and provided with the fixed plate and the movable plate, the fixed plate is fixed to one end of the sliding rail, the bottom of the movable plate is provided with a sliding block matched with the sliding rail, and the motor driving device is fixed to the sliding rail. The elastic element is fixed to the bottom of the movable plate, one end of the force sensor is connected with a motor head connected with the motor driving device, and the other end of the force sensor is connected with the elastic element. The upper portion of the fixed plate and the upper portion of the movable plate are provided with the cylinder clamping devices for clamping the two ends of a to-be-measured automobile transmission shaft, and the supporting device is arranged on the sliding rail between the fixed plate and the movable plate. The problem that an ordinary motor cannot guarantee force stability in the automobile transmission shaft length detection process is solved, the accuracy of measurement results is improved, and the production cost is reduced.

The invention discloses a high-precision and high-thermal-stability optical splicing focal plane applied to a space camera, belongs to the technical field of space optical remote sensing, and aims tosolve the technical problem of poor imaging quality of a plurality of sensors due to temperature rise of a focal plane in the prior art. The optical splicing focal plane is characterized in that: a substrate is arranged, one side of the substrate is provided with multiple spectroscope assemblies, a plurality of image sensors are mounted on the other side through a fixed seat assembly; a box body covers the image sensor; the phase change energy storage box group comprises a first phase change energy storage box group arranged on the substrate and a second phase change energy storage box group arranged on the box body; the first phase change energy storage box group is in contact with the fixed seat assembly through the heat conduction pad; the second phase change energy storage box group isin contact with the image sensor through the heat conduction pad, wherein a plurality of layers of heat conduction films are laid on the upper surfaces of the first phase change energy storage box set and the fixing base assembly and used for communicating the upper surfaces of the first phase change energy storage box set and the fixing base assembly, and the device has the beneficial effects ofbeing high in precision, high in thermal stability and capable of improving the imaging quality.

A gear tooth surface processing device and a gear manufacturing method are provided which are capable of adjusting processing pressure for the purpose of improving the surface roughness of high-hardness gears and the like. The gear tooth processing device (10) has: a helical grindstone (2); a position adjusting means (3) which is capable of moving the relative positions of a rotary axis (C) of the helical grindstone (2) and a rotary axis (X) of a gear to be processed (W); and a control means (7). The control means (7) includes: a position control unit (71) which operates the position adjusting means (3) so as to adjust the relative positions of the rotary axis (C) of the helical grindstone (2) and the rotary axis (X) of the gear to be processed (W) to cause only one of the tooth surfaces to be processed (11), from among the gear tooth surfaces that form a single tooth of the gear to be processed (W), to make contact with a grindstone tooth surface (21) of the helical grindstone (2) such that the helical grindstone (2) and the gear to be processed (W) are engaged; a grindstone rotation means control unit (72) for operating a grindstone rotation means (4); and a torque control means control unit (73) for operating a rotation torque control means (5) so as to adjust the rotation torque within a predetermined range.

The invention provides a device and a method for testing a moisture expansion coefficient of a composite material under a moisture supplementing condition. The testing device comprises a vacuum tank,and a quartz test piece, a humidity sensor, a temperature sensor, an air pressure sensor, a displacement sensor and a load sensor which are arranged in the vacuum tank, wherein the vacuum tank comprises a first test chamber, an environment chamber and a second test chamber which are sequentially connected from top to bottom; the quartz test piece is fixedly connected with the first test chamber, and overhangs and penetrates through the environment chamber and the second test chamber; the first test chamber, the environment chamber and the second test chamber are communicated by means of the quartz test piece, and the quartz test piece is detachably connected with a sample in the environment chamber; and the load sensor is used for testing the mass change of the sample, and the displacementsensor is used for testing the length change of the sample. According to the testing device and the testing method provided by the invention, dynamic measurement of the mass and length changes in themoisture supplementing process under any constant humidity condition from 0% to 95% can be realized.

A method for improving the precision of a gas density relay is disclosed. The gas density relay comprises a housing, a base, an end seat, a Baden tube, a temperature compensating element, a signal regulating mechanism and a plurality of microswitches as signal generators. Each microswitch is a button type microswitch, and the density relay further comprises a microswitch contact triggering elementmade of an elastic material, one end of the microswitch contact triggering element is fixed in the housing, and the other end is arranged corresponding to the button of the button type microswitch and abuts on the button of each microswitch. When the gas density value changes, the Baden tube and the temperature compensation element generate displacement, and the displacement sequentially drives the microswitch contact triggering element through the signal triggering mechanism, and the position of the microswitch contact triggering element changes, so that the microswitch sends out corresponding signals. The density relay of the invention has the advantages of high precision and good contact conductivity, and can be well applied to SF6 electrical equipment.

The invention discloses a nucleotide sequence and a kit for detecting HBV (Hepatitis B Virus), and belongs to the technical field of molecular diagnosis. A primer and a probe for detecting the HBV, provided by the invention, are capable of specifically amplifying and detecting virus DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) of nine HBV gene type viruses from A to I. The invention also discloses the kit for detecting the HBV. The kit disclosed by the invention is capable of realizing quick, sensitive and accurate detection on accurate copy number of various sub types of HBV. The nucleotide sequence and the kit for detecting the HBV, disclosed by the invention, have the advantages of simpleness in operation, strong specificity, high sensitivity, low cost, high throughput and the like and can be used for carrying out quick hypersensitive detection on the DNA of clinical HBV, and reference basis is provided for diagnosis and treatment on clinic CHB (Chronic Hepatitis B).

The invention is applicable to the field of optical communication and provides a photoelectric detection circuit. The photoelectric detection circuit comprises a gain amplification circuit, a photoelectric detector, a control unit and a display unit, the gain amplification circuit comprises an operational amplifier, an inverted input end of the operational amplifier is connected with the photoelectric detector, a normal phase input end is grounded, an output end of the operational amplifier is connected to the control unit, a feedback resistor and at least one group of adjusting access circuit are connected between the inverted input end and output end of the operational amplifier, each group of adjusting access circuit comprises an adjusting resistor and a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) switch which are in a series connection, a control end of the CMOS switch is connected to the control unit, the working state of the CMOS switch is controlled by the control unit, and the resistance value of the feedback resistor is larger than that of the adjusting resistor. Compared with existing circuits, the photoelectric detection circuit has the advantages that the detection range of optical power is increased, and even a weak optical signal can be accurately detected.

The invention provides a preprocessing defense method for target detection countermeasure attacks. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, adding adversarial disturbance to an image in an original image data set to generate a target detection adversarial sample; 2, performing bilateral filtering and data normalization processing on the target detection confrontation sample to obtain a processed target detection confrontation sample; 3, constructing a noise reduction auto-encoder model, taking the processed target detection confrontation sample as input, taking the corresponding original image as a label, and carrying out noise reduction training on the noise reduction auto-encoder model; 4, acquiring an image to be subjected to target detection, and performing bilateral filtering and data normalization processing on the image to be subjected to target detection to obtain a processed image to be subjected to target detection; and 5, inputting the processed image to be subjected to target detection into the trained noise reduction auto-encoder model to obtain a denoised image to be subjected to target detection, and taking the denoised image to be subjected to target detection as the input of the target detection model to realize target detection.

The invention provides a circuit board electronic element detection method based on a simplified YOLOv3 network. A small number of original images are intercepted according to different starting points in a preset size to acquire a large number of training samples. A dual-model parallel detection mode is adopted, one model detects blue annular resistors, the other model detects capacitors, then detection results of the two models are summarized, a non-maximum suppression method is adopted to eliminate a redundant detection window, and the mode solves the problem that the data volume of target objects with more blue annular resistors and less capacitors in original data is unbalanced. And the detection accuracy is improved. Images for training and identifying the blue annular resistance model are subjected to color filtering, the blue part is reserved, the target features are highlighted, and identification accuracy is improved. The YOLOv3 is cut, the weight number is reduced, the calculation cost is reduced, and the detection efficiency is improved. The category, the position and the size information of the detection target are automatically output through the model, and the problem that related AOI equipment can only carry out defect detection through manual processing and element marking is solved.

A high-precision gas density relay comprises a gas density relay housing, a base, an end seat, a baden tube, a temperature compensation element, a signal regulating mechanism and a plurality of microswitches. The microswitch is button microswitch. The density relay further comprises a microswitch contact triggering element made of an elastic material, wherein one end of the microswitch contact triggering element is fixed in the housing, and the other end is arranged correspondingly to the button of the push button type microswitch and abuts on the button of each microswitch one by one correspondingly; When the gas density value changes, the Baden tube and the temperature compensation element generate displacement, and the displacement sequentially drives the micro switch contact triggering element through the signal triggering mechanism, and the micro switch contact triggering element changes position, so that the micro switch generates corresponding signals to complete the function of the gas density relay. The invention has the advantages of high precision and good contact conductivity, and can be well applied to SF6 electrical equipment.

The invention relates to a grading detection method for rice seed vitality based on a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. The surface of a to-be-detected rice seed sample is scanned and measured toobtain a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of the sample surface; a prediction model between a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of a rice seed and vitality of the rice seed is established; andlaser-induced breakdown spectroscopies of all measuring points on the surface of the to-be-detected sample after denoising are inputted into the prediction model to determine the vitality of the to-be-detected rice seed. The method has advantages of high speed, high efficiency, low cost, high test reproducibility, online analysis and high accuracy and the like.

The present invention provides a control network element, a positioning system, and a positioning method. The control network element comprises: a first receiving unit, used for receiving call information sent by a mobile wireless device; a first determining unit, used for determining target broadcast information corresponding to the call information satisfying a preset condition; a second determining unit, used for determining a first cell and a second cell according to the call information; and a sending unit, used for sending the target broadcast information to the target mobile wireless device. The control network element provided in an embodiment of the present invention can perform positioning according to call information sent by a wireless mobile device to be positioned, a GPS of the mobile wireless device to be positioned does not need to be acquired and further, a positioning server does not need to be deployed, and accordingly, cost of deploying the positioning server is reduced; the positioning can be performed by directly using the call information, the positioning efficiency can be effectively improved, demands of a user can be satisfied, and the precision of the positioning is effectively ensured.

The invention provides a lengthened head structure of a main shaft of a double-sided vehicle, comprising a main shaft box and a lengthened head, wherein a rotating main shaft is arranged in the main shaft box; the main shaft box comprises a box body and clamping mechanisms which are arranged at two ends of the box body and can be used for detaching, radially clamping or loosening among the box body; two ends of the lengthened head are respectively and detachably connected with the main shaft box and the clamping mechanisms; a lengthened shaft matched with the rotating main shaft of the main shaft box is arranged in the lengthened head; and two ends of the lengthened shaft are respectively connected with the rotating main shaft and the clamping mechanisms. According to the invention, when parts with different shaft lengths to be processed are processed by the double-sided vehicle, the parts with larger processing shaft lengths to be processed are processed by selecting and matching lengthened heads in different sizes; after being matched with the lengthened head, the main shaft box has favorable rigidity and high precision and is quick and convenient for installing and debugging; and after the precision of the main shaft box is corrected, the precision of the main shaft box per se cannot be influenced after replacing the lengthened heads in different sizes, wherein the lengthened heads are matched with the main shaft box, and the clamping mode of the parts to be processed after the lengthened heads are additionally arranged is consistent with the clamping mode when the main shaft box is used for clamping independently.

An optical measurement system for measuring one or more portions of an object such as a vehicle (116) and solving the issues relating to attitude of the vehicle (116) while measuring the one or more portions of the vehicle, is disclosed. The optical measurement system comprising a diagnostic, measurement and repair equipment arranged on the object for example the vehicle (116) via a rigid linkingstructure. The system comprises a measuring head (108) and one or more targets comprising one or more set of photodiodes. The measuring head (108) is mounted under or on the vehicle (116). The systemis configured to measure parameters representative of the vehicle (116). The system further comprises a computing device (102) in communication with the equipment, comprising set of instructions to determine a position of the target regarding to a reference point. The location of the point is then compared to an original location of the point to determine the damage in the vehicle (116).

The present invention discloses a control method of conveyer belt sorting machine. The pulse signal of shift signal sensor beside the movement mechanism of conveyer belt and the signal of object-on-belt detector are transmitted to computer controller. After the computer controller receives the object-on-belt signal, the controller counts the pulses from the shift signal sensor. After set pulse number is reached, the sorting mechanism is made to start corresponding sorting under the control of the controller. The present invention has the advantages of stable operation, reliable sorting control, etc.