The invention relates to the technical fields of harvesting and picking devices for cotton crop fruits, in particular to a backpack type electric airflow picking machine for cotton fruits. The backpack type electric airflow picking machine comprises a direct current motor structure, a rectifying fan structure, cotton pulling wheels, a structure of a driving wheel capable of driving a chain belt type filter screen to rotate, a structure of the chain belt type filter screen and an adjusting wheel rotating along with the driving wheel. The backpack type electric airflow picking machine is characterized by comprising an entire machine casing, and a direct current motor, a rectifying fan, a chain belt type filter screen device, upper and lower cotton pulling wheels, an inverted U-shaped wind shield and an elastic wind shield which are arranged in the entire machine casing as well as an aspirated-air type cotton picking manipulator connected onto an air cotton interface on the casing. The backpack type electric airflow picking machine disclosed by the invention has the advantages of reliability, portability, simpleness and convenience for repairing, maintaining and charging, small size, light weight, lightness and flexibility for operation, reliability and durability for use, continuousness in picking, high quality of picked cotton and high grade of the obtained cotton.