The invention relates to a rapid detection device and detection method for the reliability of a lithium battery current cut-off device, and the device comprises a pedestal, a vertical column, a lead screw, a stepping motor, a workbench, a main shaft box, a laser range finder, and a drill bit suite. The stepping motor is in transmission fit with the lead screw. The laser range finder obtains vertical distance information and corresponding position information between the spindle box and the workbench; and the drill bit suite is detachably connected into the drill bit interface, so that punching on the top cover of the battery sample is realized, the current cut-off device is triggered in a programmed physical mode, and the reliability of the current cut-off device is detected under the condition that no gas is generated in the battery. Compared with the prior art, by designing the special drilling device, the reliability of the current cut-off device (CID) of the cylindrical lithium battery finished product can be directly detected, the use is rapid, convenient, simple and efficient, and the device is suitable for second-party and third-party quality inspection and detection of the cylindrical lithium battery product.