A self-propelled picker for picking up peanuts comprises a rack, a power system is arranged on the rack, a walking system in transmission connection with the power system is arranged on the lower portion of the rack, a driving seat, a power output speed regulation mechanism and a control mechanism are arranged on the upper portion of the front end of the rack, and a peanut seedling fruit pickup and conveying system, a picking system, an air draft device, a grass collection box, a vibration sorting screen and a peanut lifting and collection device are further arranged on the rack. The self-propelled picker is reasonable in design, compact in structure, convenient to operate and low in energy consumption, especially through the design of the self-propelled shutter-type peanut seedling fruit pickup and conveying system, in the work process, fuel and labor are saved, decayed fruits are reduced, the functions of pickup, fruit picking, collecting and the like are integrated, the mechanical automation degree is greatly improved, the picker is especially suitable for large farmer households and professional planting cooperation, economic benefits are improved, the use cost is lowered, high practicality is achieved, and application and popularization are easy.