The invention relates to a low-
frequency sound absorption covering layer containing cylindrical scatterers with parameters changing in a gradient mode. The low-
frequency sound absorption covering layer comprises a sealing layer, a sound
absorption layer and a base layer, wherein the sound
absorption layer is formed by periodically arranging a plurality of identical cuboid units, a sealing layer is attached to the front surface of the sound
absorption layer to guarantee
water tightness, and the base layer is attached to the lower surface of the sound absorption layer to simulate a shell of an
underwater structure. Three cylindrical scatterers are arranged in each unit of the sound absorption layer from top to bottom. Each cylindrical scatterer is formed by wrapping the side face of a cylindrical cavity with two
layers of elastic rubber having the same thickness and different moduli. The sealing layer and the sound absorption layer are made of
polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)
silicone rubber, and the base layer is made of a steel material. The problem that the low-
frequency sound absorption performance is poor due to the fact that a single material is adopted is solved, the moduli and the thicknesses of
coating layers in the cylindrical scatterers are designed to be in gradient change, so the frequency range of a sound
absorption frequency band can be effectively reduced, and a sound absorption coefficient is improved. The covering layer is high in designability and suitable for being applied to the aspects of low-frequency vibration reduction and
noise reduction.