An aluminum alloy and steel optimized welding method based on magnetic control resistance spot welding comprises the steps that a steel plate and an aluminum alloy plate are arranged between an electrode and a controllable magnetic field, Joule heat is generated in the steel plate by applying welding current, and the temperature of the side, close to the steel plate, of the aluminum alloy plate is evenly increased through the blocking effect of a high-resistivity oxidation film between the steel plate and the aluminum alloy plate; and the side, close to the steel plate, of the aluminum alloy plate is molten to form molten aluminum alloy, the molten aluminum alloy flows and is stirred at a high speed under the action of Lorentz force generated by a magnetic field and current, aggregation of oxide film defects near an interface is inhibited, and thin and uniform intermetallic compounds are formed by heterogeneous materials on the two sides of the interface. By heating a steel side resistor, the heat input of the aluminum side is reduced, the thinning of the aluminum plate is reduced, the surface indentation of the aluminum plate is eliminated, and the thickness of an interface intermetallic compound layer is controlled; and lorentz force is generated through interaction of an external magnetic field and current, molten aluminum alloy is driven to flow at a high speed, the aluminum side nugget structure and defect distribution are improved, and the mechanical performance of a welded joint is improved. By avoiding direct contact between a copper electrode and an aluminum plate, electrode abrasion is reduced, and the performance, appearance quality and welding spot quality stability of an aluminum steel spot welding joint are improved.