The rapid analysis instrument includes body case, fixed ring of color comparison pool, multiple push button keys, liquid crystal screen, RS232 interface, as well as color comparison pool, color comparison bottle, monochromatic source, photoelectric detector, and microproceesor etc. The instrument also includes printer embedded in body case, and heater for sample. The disclosed instrument is capable of measuring content of following objects in food: cadmium, chrome, nickel, rare earth, nitrite, formaldehyde, amylase, toxicity of pesticide residue, vitamin E, trimethylamine etc.