The invention relates to a chemical metallurgy comprehensive utilization method for phosphogypsum and nepheline ore joint development. The method is characterized in that sulfate radical in phosphogypsum is grafted onto aluminum and potassium in nepheline ore through a special double-decomposition reaction, thereby obtaining activated aluminum oxide and a potassium compound fertilizer through solution leaching, separation and conversion; and calcium in the phosphogypsum is combined with the silicate radical in the nepheline ore to obtain calcium silicate having wide application ranges and high values. The specific process comprises the following steps: grinding the phosphogypsum and the nepheline ore, conducting uniform mixing and roasting, performing pressure leaching and boiling on the roasted materials with water used as a leaching agent for aluminum and potassium leaching, and performing solid-liquid separation, wherein the solid phase is washed to obtain the calcium silicate product, and the solution phase is a leached potassium sulfate and aluminum sulfate solution; and treating the leached solution with ammonium hydrogen carbonate for aluminum precipitation and potassium separation, wherein the solid phase is aluminum carbonate hydroxide, and is dried and the dried material is calcined to obtain the activated aluminum oxide product, and the liquid phase is potassium sulfate and ammonium sulfate mixed solution, and is concentrated, then the concentrated material is absorbed with a phosphorus material (powdered rock phosphate, calcium superphosphate or calcium triple superphosphate) and ageing, pile turning and drying are conducted to obtain a nitrogen / phosphorus / potassium compound fertilizer.