The invention provides a fine-grained brittle granular layer impact crushing method and device. The problems that for an existing ball-milling device, the impact force is different in size, the material layer thickness is uncontrollable, steel consumption is high, and the energy utilization rate is low are solved. The device for conducting impact crushing on brittle fine granular layers through pneumatic dielectric spheres comprises a high-frequency reciprocating type cylinder impacting system, a material platform rotary system, a material layer loosening and negative pressure screening system and a material inputting and material layer arrangement system. Accordingly, on the basis of the principle that when the material layer granules are impacted by the dielectric spheres, the crushing efficiency is affected by the dielectric sphere diameters, impact force size, material layer thickness and granule size, by keeping the stable material layer state and accurate dielectric sphere diameter and impact force, the crushing efficiency of single impact of the dielectric spheres on the material layers is improved, and scale production is achieved through high-frequency impact and cylinder close-arrangement, and industrial application is promoted.