73 results about "Electrode polarisation" patented technology

An active material powder mixture for batteries or a carbonaceous material powder mixture for electrical double-layer capacitors is composed of a battery active material or a carbonaceous material in combination with an electrically conductive powder that adheres to the periphery of the active material or carbonaceous material and has an average particle size of 10 nm to 10 mupm. The battery active material powder mixture may be used to make electrodes for secondary batteries. The carbonaceous material powder mixture may be used to make polarizable electrodes for electrical double-layer capacitors. Secondary cells produced using the active material powder mixture can lower an impedance of an electrode and operate at a high capacity and a high current, have a high rate property, and are thus well-suited for use as lithium secondary cells and lithium ion secondary cells. Electrical double-layer capacitors made using the carbonaceous material powder mixture have a high output voltage and a high capacity because of a low impedance.

The polarized electrode flow through capacitor comprises at least one each electrode material, with a pore volume that includes meso and micropores, with contained anionic or cationic groups. The polarized electrodes are in opposite polarity facing pairs, separated by a flow path or flow spacer. Both polarities of the particular attached ionic groups used are ionized at the working pH or composition of the particular feed solution supplied to inlet of the flow through capacitor. The contained groups cause the electrodes to be polarized so that they are selective to anions or cations. The polarized electrode flow through capacitor has better performance compared to identical flow through capacitors made from non-derivitized carbon. The capacitor electrode materials so derivitized provide this polarization function directly without need for a separate charge barrier material.

Disclosed is a coating liquid characterized by comprising a hydroxyl group-containing resin, an organic acid and / or a derivative thereof contained in a polar solvent, the hydroxyl group-containing resin being at least one resin selected from (1) polyvinyl acetal resins, (2) ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers, (3) unmodified and / or modified polyvinyl alcohols, and (4) cyanoethyl group-containing polymers. Also disclosed are a coating liquid for manufacturing an electrode plate, an undercoating agent, and use thereof. The coating liquid capable of forming a film, which has excellent adhesion and solvent resistance, on the surface of a metal material such as an aluminum material can be provided. Furthermore, a coating liquid for manufacturing an electrode plate for a battery or a polarizing electrode plate for a capacitor comprising an active material layer having excellent adhesion and electrolyte resistance to a current collector formed of, for example, an aluminum foil or a copper foil and having an improved contact resistance to the current collector, an undercoating agent, an electrode plate; a method for manufacturing the electrode plate, a battery, and a capacitor can be provided.

A thin-type electric double layer capacitor having low internal resistance. This capacitor includes pairs of a current collector and polarizable electrode disposed opposite to each other with a separator being interposed therebetween. The current collector and polarizable electrode, each containing a thermoplastic binder resin and carbon, are made integral by compatibilization of the thermoplastic binder resins. Polarizable electrode faring with the separator is disposed on the plane as that for the current collector. In this capacitor, the glass-transition temperature of the thermoplastic binder resin contained in the current collector is lower than that of the thermoplastic binder resin contained in the polarizable electrode.

An electrolyte composition and a solid polymer electrolyte for electrical double-layer capacitors are endowed with high ionic conductivity. The invention is also directed at a polar electrode composition and a polar electrode having excellent binder capabilities which are able to strongly bond a high surface area material such as activated carbon and an electrically conductive material to a current collector, and which also have shape stability. A high-performance electrical double-layer capacitor arrived at using the above compositions and components is additionally disclosed.

The present invention provides a method of producing a porous carbon material in which a soft carbon-type carbon material is activated with alkali in the presence of a carboxylic acid ion and at least one metal ion selected from the group consisting of iron ions, cobalt ions, manganese ions and nickel ions. The method is capable of industrially producing a porous carbon material having a specific surface area per unit volume of 1000 (m<2> / cm<3>) or more in high yield and at low cost. The packing density of the porous carbon material can also be increased, and a high capacitance per unit volume can be obtained when the porous carbon material is used as a polarizable electrode material. Therefore, the present invention also provides an electrical double layer capacitor having a small size and a large capacitance, and using the porous carbon material as a polarizable electrode.

An electrode and a DEL capacitor formed therewith. The electrode will typically be a polarizable electrode comprised of an activated carbon material having a substantially zero ash percentage and a low percentage of transition metals. In constructing a DEL capacitor employing the electrode of the present invention, a non-polarizable electrode consisting of a lead dioxide / lead sulfate compound is preferably also used. The DEL capacitor may utilize an acid-based electrolyte, such as an aqueous sulfuric acid electrolyte. Consequently, the present invention also includes a current collector that preferably comprises a base material consisting of lead or a lead compound and a protective coating material that is resistant to an acid-based electrolyte. Preferably, the protective coating material is formed from a polymer base and a conductive dope that may thereafter be applied to the current collector base material by a variety of methods.

The invention discloses an earthquake tunnel geological detection prediction method and a relative device, which uses one earthquake sensor to measure the vibration strength signal generated by explosion, arranges two couples of non-polarized electrodes vertical with each other to measure the geo-electric signal generated by explosion, and / or using a coil to measure the electromagnetic signal generated by explosion. The invention uses the earthquake sensor, non-polarized electrodes and coil to receive the vibration strength signal, geo-electric signal and / or electromagnetic signal in the front, middle and later steps of explosion, arranges the two non-polarized electrode couples vertical with each other to measure the geo-electric signal generated by explosion, selects the large geo-electric signal as the parameters to recognize target geological disaster recognition. The invention normalizes the geo-electric signal and / or electromagnetic signal according to the vibration signal, uses the normalized geo-electric signal and / or electromagnetic signal as detection prediction parameters to be compared with the detection prediction parameter range of multiple target models, and uses the matched parameter range to recognize the grades of the target geological disaster prediction.

The invention relates to a new VRLA battery float model. The model covers the steady state and transient float charge behaviour of both positive and negative electrodes. Backup analysis verifies the internal polarisation distribution for a conventional 2V-cell polarisation behaviours can be identified without the need for a physical reference electrode. The estimated individual electrode polarisation allows early detection of common failure modes like negative plate discharge as well as a reference for float voltage optimisation. Furthermore, the positive polarisation relating to minimum grid corrosion may be correlated with the occurrence of the peak of a “Tafel” like resistance used by the model. The model encourages utilisation of low signal perturbation for testing a cell's state of health and state of charge conditions while at float.

An activated carbon for electric double layer capacitor whose rate of FS (filling swing) in an alphas-plot by the nitrogen adsorption method is at most 27 cm3 / g STP. An activated carbon electrode formed with the activated carbon. An electric double layer capacitor equipped with the activated carbon electrodes as polarizable electrodes and having excellent durability.

A method of efficiently removing active oxy-hydrogens (e.g., existing as hetero element-containing functional groups such as COOH, CHO, and OH) present in a carbon material at a relative low temperature. The invention also provides a carbon-activating material adapted for use in a polarizable electrode typically used in an electrical double-layer capacitor. The method of removing residual active oxy-hydrogens in the carbon material starts with mixing the carbon material and a transition metal or a transition metal compound. The resulting mixture is thermally processed within a stream of a reducing gas. Preferably, the transition metal or transition metal compound is removed from the thermally processed mixture.

The present invention provides polarized electrodes that ensure a satisfactory packing ratio of activated carbon particles and conductive particulates and favorable contact between these and an electrolyte, and demonstrate high capacitance. The present invention relates to the following electrode materials for polarized electrodes: (1) electrode materials for polarized electrodes containing a rubber-based emulsion, activated carbon particles, conductive particulates, and a surfactant; and (2) electrode materials for polarized electrodes containing a dispersion of polytetrafluoroethylene, activated carbon particles, conductive particulates, and a surfactant, wherein the solid content is 25% by weight or more.

The present invention provides polarized electrodes that ensure a satisfactory packing ratio of activated carbon particles and conductive particulates and favorable contact between these and an electrolyte, and demonstrate high capacitance. The present invention relates to the following electrode materials for polarized electrodes:(1) electrode materials for polarized electrodes containing a rubber-based emulsion, activated carbon particles, conductive particulates, and a surfactant; and(2) electrode materials for polarized electrodes containing a dispersion of polytetrafluoroethylene, activated carbon particles, conductive particulates, and a surfactant, wherein the solid content is 25% by weight or more.

The invention discloses a dynamic electricity observing system for a natural electric field. The dynamic electricity observing system for the natural electric field comprises a survey grid arrangement system and a dynamic electricity observing device, wherein the survey grid arrangement system comprises a reference electrode (2) and two or more non-polarizing electrodes (1), the dynamic electricity observing device comprises a main control module, a communication control module, a digital-to-analogue conversion module, a channel selection module and a power module, the non-polarizing electrodes (1) are connected with the input port of the channel selection module, the reference electrode (2) is connected with the analog negative electrode of the digital-to-analogue conversion module, the output port of the channel selection module is connected with the analog positive electrode of the digital-to-analogue conversion module, a digital communication port of the digital-to-analogue conversion module is connected with the main control module, the communication control module is connected with the main control module, and the power module is connected with the main control module, the communication control module, the digital-to-analogue conversion module and the channel selection module. The dynamic electricity observing system for the natural electric field can be used for unattended automatic observation and widely applied to earthquake prediction and monitoring of oilfield exploitation.

An electric double layer capacitor is disclosed which is capable of preventing transmission of an electrolytic solution vaporized in a basic cell through current collectors and capable of improving a yield. A method for preparing the electric double layer capacitor is also disclosed. The electric double layer capacitor comprises a basic cell prepared by the steps of: applying a current collector onto a surface of a substrate; disposing an electrically insulating gasket element on the surface the substrate in such a manner that the current collector laterally abuts on the gasket element to define a concavity; placing a polarizable electrode impregnated with an electrolytic solution on the surface of the current collector; oppositely disposing two intermediate products prepared through the foregoing steps on a separator in such a manner that the gasket elements abut on surfaces of a peripheral portion of the separator; fusion-bonding the gasket elements together to laterally cover the separator with the resulting unified gasket; and removing the substrates from the current collectors and the gasket. The substrate has a vapor transmission rate of a predetermined one or lower with respect to the electrolytic solution vaporized at a temperature of the fusion-bonding.

To provide an electric double layer capacitor having a low resistance, a high withstanding voltage and an excellent low-temperature characteristic. This object is achieved by employing, for an electric double layer capacitor having a pair of polarized electrodes and an electrolytic solution capable of forming an electric double layer at the interface with the polarized electrodes, an electrolytic solution containing as an electrolyte a salt represented by the formula 1, and as solvents at least (1) a chain carbonate having at most 5 carbon atoms, (2) sulfolane or its derivative and (3) a fluorobenzene: herein each of R1 and R2 which are independent of each other, is a C1-4 alkyl group, and X− is an anion.

There is provided a carbon material for polarizable electrodes in which a heterocyclic aromatic compound is adsorbed on an activated carbon, wherein the heterocyclic aromatic compound comprises a five- or six-membered ring having two or more nitrogen atoms as ring-forming atoms; a ratio (N / C) of nitrogen atoms to carbon atoms in the heterocyclic aromatic compound is 0.4 or more; 1 to 35 parts by mass of the heterocyclic aromatic compound is adsorbed based on 100 parts by mass of the activated carbon; and the carbon material for polarizable electrodes has a benzene adsorption capacity of 25 to 75% by mass.

The invention discloses an electrochemical stripping voltammetry for continuously measuring arsenic, stibonium and lead in mine groundwater, which utilizes a gold electrode as a working electrode and measures the concentrations of arsenic, stibonium and lead in a test sample solution by an electrochemical method; the method comprises the following steps of: pre-treating the gold electrode, firstly polarizing the electrode, and activating the electrode in a circular voltammetry; varying the potential of the gold electrode toward a negative potential direction, simultaneously depositing arsenic and stibonium on the surface of the gold electrode under the same potential, and measuring the total concentration of arsenic and stibonium by potential dissolution; and then, changing the deposition potential, singly depositing the stibonium, measuring the stibonium concentration by the potential stripping, and obtaining the arsenic concentration according to a difference value; firstly depositing the arsenic and lead on the gold electrode under the same potential, scanning the gold electrode toward the positive potential direction, separating out the arsenic and lead electrically deposited on the surface of the gold electrode under different potentials, and respectively measuring the concentrations of the arsenic and lead. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of continuously measuring the concentrations of arsenic, stibonium and lead in the same solution in a convenient and sensitive manner.

The present invention provides a polarized electrode 12 containing mixed activated carbon composed of at least two activated carbons with different specific surface areas, and the specific surface area of the mixed activated carbon is not less than 900 m2 / g and less than 1900 m2 / g. By setting the specific surface area of the mixed activated carbon to less than 1900 m2 / g, the resistance reduction ratio of the polarized electrode 12 rapidly increases.

Disclosed is a process for producing a secondary battery cathode material by calcining raw materials. The process is characterized by calcining the raw materials together with one or more substances, which are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, water and water vapor, and conductive carbon and / or a substance, which can form conductive carbon by pyrolysis, added thereto. As crystals of the secondary battery cathode material obtained by this process have been controlled fine sizes, the secondary battery cathode material promotes movements of ions of an alkali metal led by lithium between the interiors of grains of the cathode material and an electrolyte to suppress polarization in an electrode reaction, and further, increases an area of contact between the positive material and a conductivity-imparting material to provide improved conductivity so that improvements are assured in voltage efficiency and specific battery capacity.

The invention discloses a PN junction memory device based on ferroelectric doping, and mainly aims to solve the problem that the existing PN junction memory device cannot realize switching of different conduction types. The device comprises a substrate (1), an insulating oxide layer (2) and a channel layer (3) from bottom to top, an anode (8) and a cathode (9) are arranged on two sides of the channel layer, an anode polarization grid (4) is arranged on the left of the upper portion of the channel layer, and a cathode polarization grid (5) is arranged on the right of the channel layer; an anode polarization electrode (6) and a cathode polarization electrode (7) are arranged on the upper portion of the anode polarization grid and the upper portion of the cathode polarization grid respectively, pulse voltages with different polarities are applied to the two polarization electrodes (6 and 7), and switching of PN junctions between different storage states is achieved by changing the application sequence of positive and negative pulses. According to the invention, the storage function of the PN junction memory device is expanded, the damage to the channel in the technological process is reduced, the power consumption is reduced, the on-state current and durability of the device are improved, and the method can be used for manufacturing a nonvolatile memory.

The invention relates to a nano Ag-AgCl solid non-polarized electrode and a preparation method thereof. The non-polarized electrode comprises a non-polarized electrode column, an electrode column topcover, a hydrogel layer, a permeable ceramic layer and an electrode outer protective shell; the non-polarized electrode column comprises a silver column, an Ag and AgCl nanometer mixing layer and an Ag electrode layer; and a silver wire connected with the silver column is led out from the Ag electrode layer. The novel electrode material nano Ag-AgCl is formed by adopting electrostatic spinning andthus the prepared solid non-polarized electrode has the advantages that the particle sizes of silver and silver chloride are nano-scale, so that the contact area is large, the conductive effect is improved, the current offset and the electrode internal resistance are reduced, so that the electrode can keep a stable polarization potential in different environments. After electrostatic spinning, agglomeration of particles is avoided, and the mixing states of a set of electrodes are consistent in the manufacturing process, that is, the internal structures are almost consistent, so that polarization of the electrodes is infinitely close, and the ideal polarization potential difference can be realized in a complex field environment.

The invention discloses a double charge layer capacitor and a preparation process thereof. The double charge layer capacitor comprises a polarized electrode positioned in a container, positive and negative electrodes, isolating membranes and electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is positioned between the positive and negative electrodes; the polarized electrode is positioned on the outer sides of the positive and negative electrodes; and the isolating membranes are arranged among the polarized electrode, the positive and negative electrodes and the electrolyte. The capacitor has a capacitor structure of double charge layers by adopting a high-density overlapping process, and achieves high-capacity effect under the same volume. Compared with a common energy storage capacitor, the double charge layer capacitor has small volume and high energy storage capacity, and can be widely applied to energy storage of photovoltaic products and in other fields which need high-capacity energy storage.

The invention discloses a solid non-polarized electrode and a manufacturing method thereof. The solid non-polarized electrode comprises a PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) pipe, a copper wire and a spiral leadwire, wherein the spiral lead wire is fixed in the PVC pipe by virtue of a plastic filling agent; a PVC top cover is arranged at the upper end of the PVC pipe; a straight end of the spiral lead wirepenetrates out of the PVC top cover and is connected with one end of the copper wire; and the other end of the copper wire is connected with a sheath clamp. According to the method, materials are easily purchasable, the method is simple and easy to learn, and the operability is high. The solid non-polarized electrode manufactured according to the method has the advantages of being wide in appliedenvironment, low in cost, reliable in performance, portable, durable in use, easy to preserve, convenient to use and transport and the like.

The invention discloses a Pb / PbCl2 solid non-polarized electrode. The electrode comprises a lead wire electrode core, an electrolyte mixture, an electrode shell, an electrode sealing cover and an electrode cap, wherein the lead wire electrode core is connected with the electrode cap through a wire, and the electrolyte mixture comprises electrolyte PbCl2, inert electrolyte NaCl and electrolyte filler kaolin; wherein the electrode shell comprises an electrode outer-layer shell and an electrode inner-layer shell located in the electrode outer-layer shell, a small hole with the diameter of D3 is machined in the bottom of the electrode inner-layer shell, the electrode outer-layer shell and the electrode inner-layer shell are both filled with an electrolyte mixture, and the lead wire electrode core is spiral; the electrode is buried in an electrolyte mixture filled in an electrode inner layer shell; the length L1 of the electrode outer-layer shell, the length L2 of the electrode inner-layer shell and the diameter D2 need to meet the relational expressions D2>3D3 and L2 >L1-L2. The electrode has advantages of small range potential, good stability, low manufacturing cost and the like, and can well meet the application requirements of actual engineering of ground object physical electromagnetic method exploration.

The invention relates to a natural gas hydrate exploitation monitoring system based on ground well time-frequency electromagnetism; the system comprises armored time-frequency electromagnetism acquisition cables which are arranged on the seabed of a natural gas hydrate exploitation work area and under monitoring wells around an exploitation well, the armored time-frequency electromagnetism acquisition cables comprise acquisition short section pressure-bearing cabins, annular non-polarized electrodes are arranged outside the cables at equal intervals, and the armored time-frequency electromagnetic acquisition cables are connected with a time-frequency electromagnetic data receiving system; large-current power supply electrodes are respectively arranged at the periphery of the armored time-frequency electromagnetic acquisition cables at the seabed and are connected with a time-frequency electromagnetic controllable large-current emission source. According to the invention, the distribution of resistivity in an underground or underground reservoir of a natural gas hydrate exploitation work area and the change condition along with the exploitation process are monitored in real time, the development and application range in the reservoir is grasped in time, and the potential risk and possibility of leakage of the natural gas hydrate from the reservoir to the seabed are analyzed; and early warning information about possible occurrence of geological disasters such as seabed leakage in the natural gas hydrate exploitation process is provided.

The invention discloses a non-polarized receiving electrode structure which comprises a base body electrode, a lining is fixedly arranged on the base body electrode in a sleeving mode, and a receiving electrode is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the lining in a penetrating and sleeving mode. An insulating sleeve fixedly sleeves the base body electrode and is arranged at the end parts of the receiving electrode and the lining. An inclined hole is formed in the receiving electrode and is far away from one end of the insulating sleeve; the pressure-bearing sealing plug is fixedly installed in the inclined hole, the binding post is arranged in the lining, one end of the binding post is connected with the receiving electrode, and the other end of the binding post is connected with the pressure-bearing sealing plug through a connecting wire. The receiving electrode adopts a non-polarized electrode. According to the invention, the bushing is arranged on the substrate electrode, the receiving electrode sleeves the bushing, and the insulating sleeve is used for fixing the receiving electrode and the bushing, so that isolation between the receiving electrode and surrounding metal is ensured; and the receiving electrode adopts the non-polarized electrode, so that the influence of an environmental solution is avoided, the accuracy of acquired data is high, the measurement precision is greatly improved, and disassembly and replacement are convenient.

A biostimulator, such as a leadless pacemaker, having electrode(s) coated with low-polarization coating(s), is described. A low-polarization coating including titanium nitride can be disposed on an anode, and a low-polarization coating including a first layer of titanium nitride and a second layer of platinum black can be disposed on a cathode. The anode can be an attachment feature used to transmit torque to the biostimulator. The cathode can be a fixation element used to affix the biostimulator to a target tissue. The low-polarization coating(s) impart low-polarization to the electrode(s) to enable an atrial evoked response to be detected and used to effect automatic output regulation of the biostimulator. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.

A method includes (a) putting a multielectrodic chip lithographed in a wafer that contains between 2 and 2000 individually polarisable electrodes, in contact with a solution or suspension that includes modified colloidal particles with a (bio)chemical recognition element; (b) applying to an electrode of the multielectrodic chip, a potential between −1 and +2V vs. Ag / AgCl saturated, for a period of time between 1 and 300 seconds; (c) washing the chip after this stage (b); and (d) repeat the steps (b) and (c) as many times as needed to deposit a (bio)chemical recognition element, same or different to the one or ones previously deposited, on each one of the electrodes of that chip. The method is applicable for the fabrication of multisensors, particularly in chips and arrays for analytical and diagnostic applications.