99 results about "High fatty acid" patented technology

The utility model discloses reaction equipment with high crude methyl ester yield, which comprises a stirring kettle and a material circulating system, the material circulating system comprises a circulating pump, a spray pipe arranged in the stirring kettle and a mixing nozzle arranged on the spray pipe, and a bottom outlet of the stirring kettle is connected with a feed port of the circulating pump through a first pipeline. An outlet of the circulating pump is connected with the spray pipe through a second pipeline; the mixing nozzle comprises a first sprayer and a second sprayer, and an outer flaring in the lower portion of the second sprayer is in clearance fit with the conical head through a connecting piece. The material circulating system can realize bottom-out and top-in of materials, so that the mixing of an oil phase and an enzyme water phase is promoted through the reciprocating circulation. In addition, the material circulating system is provided with a plurality of mixing nozzles, the flow speed of spraying of the first spray head is large, so that a negative pressure suction gap is formed at the joint of the second spray head and the first spray head, materials in the stirring kettle can enter the mixing nozzles under the action of negative pressure, an oil phase and an enzyme water phase are intensively mixed, and the yield of fatty acid methyl ester is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of fatty acid zinc soap preparation, in particular to a method and equipment for preparing a fatty acid zinc soap mixture, the equipment comprises a shell and a heat conduction inner container, the heat conduction inner container is installed on the inner side wall of the shell, and a cavity is formed between the heat conduction inner container and the shell; the device further comprises a stirring device, a discharging device, a conveying device, a feeding pipe, a rotating shaft and a spiral blade, the feeding pipe is installed on the outer side wall of the shell, the output end of the feeding pipe communicates with the heat conduction inner container, the rotating shaft is rotationally installed on the stirring device, the spiral blade is installed on the outer side wall of the rotating shaft, and the stirring device is used for oppositely stirring a mixture in the heat conduction inner container. The stirring device is used for driving the rotating shaft to rotate, the discharging device is arranged at the bottom end of the shell in a communicating mode, and the discharging device is used for controlling discharging of materials in the shell; the mixing processing efficiency of raw materials is improved, the mixing uniformity of the fatty acid zinc soap is improved, the fatty acid zinc soap can be conveniently prepared and processed in the heat conduction inner container through different procedures, and the production efficiency is improved.

The problem addressed by the present invention is to provide: soap composite particles that can both improve skin texture and sustain the functionality of the soap composite particles; a method for producing the soap composite particles; and a cosmetic containing the soap composite particles. These soap composite particles have core particles containing a saturated higher fatty acid salt and an inorganic oxide externally added to the core particles. In the core particles, the total content of Li2O, Na2O, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, ZnO, BaO, TiO2, SiO2, Fe3O4, Fe 2O3, and FeO is 0-15 mass%, and the core particles are spherical with a circularity of 0.80-1.00.

The invention relates to the field of cosmetic raw materials, and particularly discloses hydrophobic powder water dispersion slurry as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The hydrophobic powder water dispersion slurry comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-80% of inorganic toner, 5-20% of a dispersing agent, 0.1-5% of polyol, 0.1-2% of a preservative and the balance of water, the inorganic toner is subjected to surface modification treatment, and a modifier adopted in the surface modification treatment comprises one or a combination of two or more of amino acids, bionic sebum, a silicon-containing treating agent, higher fatty acid and salts thereof. The hydrophobic powder water dispersion slurry can be used in cosmetics such as colored face cream, tone-up cream, sun screen and lip glaze, and has the advantages of high storage stability, high solid content and narrow particle size distribution.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a biological hydrocarbon compound by organic photocatalysis higher fatty acid decarboxylation, which comprises the following steps: adding higher fatty acid, a hydrogen atom transfer catalyst and an acridine photocatalyst / solid-phase acridine photocatalyst into a reaction solvent, stirring and reacting for 12-24 hours under the conditions of blue light irradiation and room temperature to obtain a reaction solution, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the biological hydrocarbon compound. And removing the reaction solvent of the obtained reaction solution under reduced pressure, and purifying by thin layer chromatography / column chromatography to obtain the long-chain alkane compound after decarboxylation of the higher fatty acid. The method is simple in step, mild in reaction condition and high in product yield, does not use any metal compound, and has the characteristics of high atom economy and environmental protection. And for unsaturated carboxylic acid, olefin configuration before and after decarboxylation is not influenced. When solid-phase acridine is used as a photocatalyst for reaction, the catalyst can be recycled through simple washing, filtering and recycling, excellent catalytic activity can still be kept after the catalyst is recycled for more than 10 times, and the reaction cost is further reduced.

The invention belongs to the technical field of skin care, and discloses a moisturizing composition, application and a moisturizing anti-wrinkle cosmetic, the moisturizing composition comprises rosa damascena flower water, a tulip flower extract and a desert rose leaf cell extract, and the mass ratio of the rosa damascena flower water to the tulip flower extract to the desert rose leaf cell extract is (80-100): (0.01-2): (0.01-2). The rose damascene flower water with a small molecular structure is compounded with the tulip flower extract and the desert rose leaf cell extract, a large amount of the rose damascene flower water is used for driving moisturizing components and water in the desert rose leaf cell extract to permeate into skin, the water is supplemented to the skin, meanwhile, the strong water locking capacity is cooperatively exerted, and the moisturizing effect is achieved. In the process, the small molecular structure of the rosa damascena flower water is beneficial to permeation of higher fatty acid, polyglucoside and amino acid in the tulip flower extract, the effect of regulating skin metabolism in the moisturizing process is achieved, and the situation that long-acting moisture maintenance of skin cells is affected due to excessive swelling of the skin cells caused by excessive local moisturizing is avoided; in addition, the desert rose leaf cell extract and the melancholia flower extract can regulate the water-oil balance of the skin, and the desert rose leaf cell extract, the melancholia flower extract and the desert rose leaf cell extract can synergistically improve the moisturizing effect of the skin, so that both short-acting moisturizing and long-acting moisturizing have excellent moisturizing effects.

The invention relates to the technical field of concrete admixtures, and particularly discloses a waterproof dense setting accelerator and a preparation method and application thereof, the waterproof dense setting accelerator comprises the following components by weight: 5-10 parts of a suspending agent, 50-250 parts of modified silica sol, 100-250 parts of an organic complex waterproof agent, 400-600 parts of a setting accelerator, and water; wherein the modified silica sol is obtained by modifying acidic silica sol with a modifier, and the modifier is a silane coupling agent; wherein the organic complexing waterproofing agent is a higher fatty acid aluminum complex. After the waterproof dense setting accelerator is doped into concrete, a large amount of air entraining of the concrete cannot be caused, microcracks of sprayed concrete can be filled, the compactness of the concrete is further improved, meanwhile, a hydrophobic effect is formed in the sprayed concrete and on the surface of the sprayed concrete, and the addition of the organic complexing waterproof agent can promote the condensation of the concrete, so that the waterproof performance of the concrete is improved. And the concrete can be quickly coagulated by matching with a coagulant.

The present application relates to the field of detergent, and discloses a high fatty acid content liquid detergent composition containing a dye fixing agent and a preparation method thereof.The liquid detergent composition comprises: 0.1-5% of the dye fixing agent, 1-15% of non-ionic surfactant, 1-15% of anionic surfactant, and water; wherein: the dye fixing agent is the reactant of amine and epichlorohydrin; the anionic surfactant contains 2-7% of fatty acid surfactant in all raw materials; and the weight ratio of the non-ionic surfactant to the anionic surfactant is at least 0.4:1.The present application optimizes the proportion and type of raw materials in the liquid detergent composition, so that the cationic dye fixing agent can still maintain good low-temperature stability in the high content anionic surfactant for a long time.In the above formula framework, the addition of the dye fixing agent can even improve the low-temperature stability of the system to a certain extent.

The invention provides an oil-in-water emulsified cosmetic containing (a) an aqueous medium,(b) two or more higher fatty acids of 12 to 24 carbon atoms and alkali metal salts thereof,(c) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of monoalkyl glyceryl ethers having an alkyl group of 12 to 24 carbon atoms and monoalkenyl glyceryl ethers having an alkenyl group of 12 to 24 carbon atoms,(d) a thickener comprising (d-1) a polysaccharide derived from a microorganism and (d-2) a (meth)acrylic-based polymer selected from the group consisting of a poly(meth)acrylic acid salt and a polymer including at least one selected from the group consisting of a (meth)acrylic acid ester, a (meth)acryloylalkyltaurine and a salt thereof as a structural unit, and(e) a nonionic surfactant.

The invention provides nylon 12 granules capable of stabilizing and controlling the pipe processing wall thickness and a preparation method and application of the nylon 12 granules. The nylon 12 granules comprise nylon 12 matrix granules and higher fatty acid metal salt wrapping the surfaces of the nylon 12 matrix granules. The higher fatty acid metal salt accounts for 0.03-0.5% of the total mass of the nylon 12 granules, and preferably 0.05-0.3% of the total mass of the nylon 12 granules. According to the invention, the surface of the nylon 12 granular material is uniformly coated with a certain content of higher fatty acid metal salt powder, so that a nylon 12 pipe product with stable and controllable pipe processing wall thickness can be obtained. The method has the characteristics of good pipe continuous extrusion stability, high wall thickness uniformity and high extrusion linear speed, and has the advantages of simple forming process, low equipment investment and the like.

The problem addressed by the present invention is solved by a liquid coloring composition containing a liquid dispersion medium (A), a surfactant (B), and a coloring agent (C), wherein the liquid dispersion medium (A) has a viscosity of 10,000 mPa·s or less at 25°C and a decomposition start temperature of 250°C or higher, the liquid dispersion medium (A) is at least one substance selected from the group consisting of aliphatic polyester resins, polyalkylene glycol resins, polyether ester resins, and aromatic polyvalent carboxylic acid esters, and the surfactant (B) is at least one substance selected from the group consisting of fatty acid esters, higher fatty acid metal salts, and fatty acid amides.

This invention belongs to the field of skin care technology and discloses a moisturizing composition, its uses, and a moisturizing and anti-wrinkle cosmetic. The moisturizing composition includes Rosa damascena flower water, tulip flower extract, and Rosa desertica leaf cell extract, wherein the mass ratio of Rosa damascena flower water, tulip flower extract, and Rosa desertica leaf cell extract is 80-100:0.01-2:0.01-2. This invention utilizes a combination of small-molecule Rosa damascena flower water, tulip flower extract, and Rosa desertica leaf cell extract. The abundant Rosa damascena flower water facilitates the penetration of the moisturizing and water-locking components in the Rosa desertica leaf cell extract into the skin, replenishing moisture while simultaneously providing powerful water-locking capabilities. Furthermore, the small-molecule structure of the Rosa damascena flower water promotes the penetration of higher fatty acids, polysaccharides, and amino acids from the tulip flower extract, regulating skin metabolism during hydration and preventing excessive localized hydration that could lead to over-swelling of skin cells and compromise long-term moisture retention. Combined with the skin-water-oil balance-regulating abilities of the Rosa desertica leaf cell extract and tulip flower extract, these three ingredients synergistically enhance skin hydration, providing excellent moisturizing effects for both short-term and long-term hydration.

The invention relates to the field of drilling fluids, in particular to a shear-improving non-plasticization shear-improving agent for an oil-based drilling fluid, a preparation method of the shear-improving non-plasticization shear-improving agent and the oil-based drilling fluid. The shear-improving non-plasticizing viscous shear-improving agent for the oil-based drilling fluid provided by the invention is prepared by reacting amine and derivatives thereof, polyacid, alcohol ether compounds and unsaturated higher fatty acid ester according to a certain proportion and then diluting and dissolving with a solvent. The shear strength improving agent provided by the invention has the characteristics of good shear strength improving effect and no plasticizing viscosity, improves the rock carrying capacity of the oil-based drilling fluid, does not improve the plastic viscosity of the oil-based drilling fluid, improves the flow pattern of the oil-based drilling fluid, and effectively realizes the low-viscosity high-shear oil-based drilling fluid.

A grease composition containing a base oil and a calcium complex soap as a thickening agent, wherein C18-22 straight-chain substituted or unsubstituted higher fatty acid; substituted or unsubstituted aromatic monocarboxylic acid having a benzene ring; C2-4 straight-chain saturated lower fatty acid; and substituted or unsubstituted saturated dicarboxylic acid are used as carboxylic acids constituting the calcium complex soap.

The invention provides a method for preparing long-chain alkane through visible light catalytic decarboxylation of higher fatty acid, and belongs to the technical field of photocatalysis. According to the method, visible light is used for photocatalytic decarboxylation, the reaction process is simple, and hydrogen is not needed. In the reaction, alkane is used as a solvent, the reaction temperature can be controlled through the boiling point of the alkane in a self-made reflux reaction kettle in a normal-pressure environment, beta-Bi2O3 with a narrow forbidden bandwidth is selected as a catalyst, the catalyst is insoluble in the solvent and reactants, the separation is simple, convenient and rapid, and meanwhile, the environmental pollution is not caused. According to the reaction, the stearic acid can be efficiently and selectively converted into alkane with less one carbon atom, and a green production process is realized.

To provide a paper feeding roller exhibiting superior resistance to swelling with respect to both aromatic petroleum-based oils and higher fatty acid esters.SOLUTION: A paper feeding roller includes a shaft body and an elastic layer disposed around the shaft body, wherein the elastic layer is composed of a polyurethane rubber composition containing a polymer component and a curing agent component, the polymer component includes an ester-based polyurethane (A) and an ether-based polyurethane (B), a weight ratio of the ester-based polyurethane (A) to the ether-based polyurethane (B) is (A) / (B)=90 / 10-60 / 40, the durometer hardnesses of the ester-based polyurethane (A) and the ether-based polyurethane (B) are both 65°-95°, the curing agent component is an amine-based curing agent component (C), and the durometer hardness of the elastic layer is 75°-95°.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The utility model discloses a fatty acid methyl ester oxidation stability measuring device, which comprises a device main body, a plurality of reaction tubes used for sample oxidation, each reaction tube is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the air inlet of each reaction tube is provided with a first air inlet tube used for introducing oxygen or air flow into the reaction tube; each first gas inlet pipe is provided with a gas flow rate control device capable of controlling the flow rate of gas flow in the gas inlet pipe; according to the fatty acid methyl ester oxidation stability measuring device disclosed by the utility model, the gas inlet channels of the first gas inlet pipes are respectively provided with the flow speed control devices capable of controlling the gas flow speed of the gas inlet channels of the first gas inlet pipes, so that the gas inlet flow speed of the first gas inlet pipes can be accurately controlled; the method has high precision, high stability and good environmental adaptability, and can significantly improve the test efficiency of the fatty acid methyl ester oxidation stability test and the accuracy of the test result.

The utility model discloses a kind of VE grading capture double systems of vegetable oil physical refining device, including a set of low VE capture system consisting of front stripping deodorization tower, low VE fatty acid trap and low VE fatty acid circulating pump;Another set of high VE capture system consisting of high-pressure heater, rear stripping deodorization tower, high VE fatty acid trap and high VE fatty acid circulating pump.The low-temperature section shell side outlet of falling-film heat exchanger is connected in proper order front stripping deodorization tower, deodorization tower and deodorization oil delivery pump to constitute loop connection;The high-temperature section shell side outlet of falling-film heat exchanger is connected in proper order high-pressure heater and rear stripping deodorization tower to constitute loop connection.Low VE capture system and high VE supplement system are connected with same vacuum system.The VE grading capture double system can be used in vegetable oil physical refining device deodorization process, capture low VE fatty acid and high VE fatty acid in fatty acid distillate.Avoid all fatty acid distillate through high-temperature rectification to obtain high VE fatty acid, cause a lot of VE heat loss.

The present invention relates to the technical field of desulfurizing agents, and is a crosslinked composite desulfurizing agent and its preparation method, which is carried out according to the following steps: Mix the required amount of alkanolamine and aldehyde for reaction to obtain an aqueous solution of monocyclic triazine. After dehydrating and purifying the aqueous solution of monocyclic triazine, sequentially add the required amount of dicarboxylic acid, higher fatty acid, catalyst and xylene to a part of the required amount of the purified aqueous solution of monocyclic triazine, and react to obtain a crosslinked and oil-soluble desulfurizing agent. Then, add the crosslinked and oil-soluble desulfurizing agent and emulsifier to another part of the required amount of the purified aqueous solution of monocyclic triazine, and stir evenly to obtain a crosslinked composite desulfurizing agent. The crosslinked composite desulfurizing agent obtained by the present invention realizes polycyclic azide. On the one hand, it can effectively remove hydrogen sulfide in oil and further reduce the sulfur content in the oil-water produced fluid, having high desulfurization ability. On the other hand, it also reduces the dosage of the desulfurizing agent and reduces the desulfurization cost of oil and gas field sewage.

The invention discloses a method for determining multiple fatty acids in beef by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and belongs to the technical field of fatty acid detection. According to the method, an external standard method is adopted, and sample pretreatment, chromatographic conditions and mass spectrum conditions are optimized; results show that the optimum conditions for sample pretreatment are as follows: the sample weighing amount is 0.03 g; the hydrolysis temperature is 76 DEG C; the volume of the potassium hydroxide-methanol solution is 200 microliters. The optimal conditions of chromatography are as follows: a sample injection mode is set to be not split; the temperature programming condition is that the initial temperature is 80 DEG C, and the temperature is kept for 0.5 min; raising the temperature to 165 DEG C at the speed of 40 DEG C / min, and keeping the temperature for 1min; the temperature is increased to 230 DEG C at the speed of 4 DEG C / min, and the temperature is kept for 4 min; and the temperature of the transmission line is 260 DEG C. The optimal condition of the mass spectrum is that fatty acid in beef is detected under the screened optimal condition by adopting a qualitative and quantitative mode. The method is beneficial to promotion of further development of fatty acid detection in animal products, improves accuracy and sensitivity of fatty acid detection, and provides a scientific basis for objective evaluation of beef cattle quality.

A friction material includes a friction modifier, a binder, and a fibrous material. An alkali metal salt of phosphoric acid and a metal sulfide are contained as the friction modifier. The alkali metal salt of phosphoric acid may include trisodium phosphate. A wax containing, as a main component, an ester of a higher fatty acid and a higher alcohol may be contained as the friction modifier.

The invention belongs to the technical field of compound synthesis, and particularly relates to a method for continuously preparing N-hydroxysuccinimide fatty acid ester. According to the method, the EDC / NHS reaction time of the N-hydroxysuccinimide fatty acid ester is greatly shortened by utilizing the efficient'three-pass' characteristic of the microchannel continuous reactor, and under the same feeding amount, the reaction time is shortened to 8-15 minutes of continuous flow production from 6-14 hours of intermittent reaction, so that the efficient and continuous production of the product is realized, and the product yield is good (gt; the purity is high, the fatty acid raw material reaction is thorough, and the post-treatment process is simplified. Three wastes in the whole process are remarkably reduced, and the solvent recycling rate is increased.

A microcapsule, including a shell containing an inorganic substance as a constituent component and a core containing one or more organic compounds inside the shell. The organic compound includes the following component (A): a functional oil agent, and component (B1): one or more selected from the group consisting of a higher aliphatic alcohol having 6 or more carbon atoms, a higher fatty acid having 6 or more carbon atoms, a monoalkyl glyceryl ether having an alkyl group having 6 or more carbon atoms, and an amide compound having an alkyl group having 8 or more carbon atoms, other than the component (A).

The problem of the present invention is solved by a liquid coloring composition comprising: a liquid dispersion medium (A) having a viscosity of 10,000 mPa.s or less at 25 DEG C, a decomposition initiation temperature of 250 DEG C or more, and a viscosity of 2,000 mPa.s or less at 25 DEG C, a surfactant (B), and a coloring agent (C), the liquid dispersion medium (A) having a viscosity of 2,000 mPa.s or less at 25 DEG C, and the surfactant (B) being a liquid dispersion medium (A) having a viscosity of 2,000 mPa.s or less at 25 DEG C; the surfactant (A) is at least one selected from the group consisting of aliphatic polyester resin, polyalkylene glycol resin, polyether ester resin and aromatic polycarboxylic acid ester, and the surfactant (B) is at least one selected from the group consisting of fatty acid ester, higher fatty acid metal salt and fatty acid amide.

The invention discloses a high-performance carbon graphite sealing material for an aero-engine and a preparation method thereof, and the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing superfine high-structure pitch coke powder, superfine graphite anode scrap powder, superfine green coke powder and nano carbon black to obtain composite aggregate, and putting the composite aggregate into a kneading pot; adding a mixed solution of higher fatty acid and absolute ethyl alcohol, mixing, removing absolute ethyl alcohol and water, adding the activated asphalt into the mixing and kneading pot, mixing and kneading, hot rolling, cooling, crushing and sieving to obtain the activated asphalt coated composite aggregate; putting the mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, vacuumizing, introducing argon into a replacement kettle, heating to 350-550 DEG C, pressurizing, preserving heat, cooling, and milling by a Raymond mill and airflow to prepare modified composite aggregate powder; and putting the modified composite aggregate powder into a kneading pot, removing moisture, adding the modified asphalt into the kneading pot, kneading, carrying out hot rolling, cooling, crushing and sieving to obtain pressed powder, carrying out compression molding and warm isostatic pressing to obtain a green body, and carrying out primary roasting and graphitization to obtain the carbon-graphite sealing material.

Provided are: a magnetorheological fluid which has low viscosity when not excited, has good resistance when excited, and has improved lubricity; and a mechanical device. The magnetorheological fluid comprises magnetic particles and a dispersion medium, and the dispersion medium comprises base oil and double-terminal higher fatty acid ester modified silicone oil, and / or side-chain higher fatty acid ester modified silicone oil.

To provide a liquid coloring composition which is excellent in dispersibility of a coloring agent, has good storage stability and supply accuracy, and enables uniform coloring of a molding without impairing appearance of the molding and mechanical properties and moldability of a dilution resin when being kneaded in the dilution resin, and a molding using the same, which is excellent in color unevenness, appearance, mechanical properties and moldability.SOLUTION: A liquid coloring composition contains a liquid dispersion medium (A), a surface active agent (B), and a coloring agent (C), wherein the liquid dispersion medium (A) has viscosity at 25°C of 10,000 mPa s or less and a decomposition start temperature of 250°C or higher, and is at least one selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic polyester resin, a polyalkylene glycol resin, a polyether ester resin, and an aromatic polyvalent carboxylic acid ester, and the surface active agent (B) is at least one selected from the group consisting of fatty acid ester, higher fatty acid metal salt and fatty acid amide.SELECTED DRAWING: None

The present invention provides a composition to increase tear production to relieve irritation from dry eyes, and a method for application of the composition. The composition includes at least 5% menthol and a carrier. The carrier comprises at least one of: a triglyceride oil, a medium chain triglyceride, petroleum jelly, coconut oil, olive oil, beeswax, a wax that is semi-solid at 21 C, a vegetable wax, an animal wax, a petroleum wax, a mineral wax, a synthetic wax, vaseline, lanoline, hydrogenated rosin / glyceryl diisostearate, hydrogenated polyisobutene, polyethylene, fatty acid cholesteryl, higher fatty acid esters, aliphatic alcohols, squalene, polyethyleneglycol, higher fatty acids, animal oil, and vegetable oil. The method includes delivering the composition to a user's eye.

The present invention provides a polyvinyl alcohol-based film which has few defects as a master film for a polarizing film, and with which it is possible to produce a polarizing film with high productivity.　This polyvinyl alcohol-based film contains a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin (A), a nitrogen-containing nonionic surfactant (B), and a higher fatty acid salt (C1) or a higher fatty acid analogue (C) (a higher fatty acid salt (C1) and / or a higher fatty acid (C2)), wherein the mass content ratio (((C1) or (C)) / (B)) of the higher fatty acid salt (C1) or the higher fatty acid analogue (C) to the nitrogen-containing nonionic surfactant (B) in the film is 0.3 or less.

Provided is an oil-in-water type emulsion cosmetic comprising (A) water, (B) a hydrophilic surfactant, (C) a silica powder, (D) a silicone elastomer, and (E) an acrylamide-based thickener. The oil-in-water type emulsion cosmetic can contain other water-soluble thickeners together with the (E) component. The (B) component is preferably a higher fatty acid salt, and in this case, a preferred method for producing the oil-in-water type emulsion cosmetic is to gradually add an aqueous phase comprising the (A) component, the (E) component, and a base component to an oil phase comprising the (C) component, the (D) component, and a higher fatty acid to thereby prepare an oil-in-water type emulsion.