The invention discloses a hyperbranched polyether branching agent with an adjustable structure and a preparation method and application thereof.According to the branching agent, 3-
butene-1-
alcohol serves as an initiator, a hyperbranched skeleton is constructed through anion ring-opening
polymerization reaction and
diglycidyl ether, then esterification and end capping are conducted through anhydride, and the hyperbranched polyether branching agent with the adjustable structure is obtained. The
tail end of the hyperbranched polyether contains vinyl double bonds, and the ester group structure of the hyperbranched polyether can be regulated and controlled. Different diepoxy compounds are selected to control a main
chain structure, and different anhydrides are used for regulating and controlling the
chemical composition of branched chains, so that accurate design of molecular weight, polarity and number of functional groups of the branching agent is realized. The branching agent has excellent dissolvability in common organic solvents, and solves the problem of poor dissolvability of the traditional polydiene branching agent. When the star-shaped branched
butyl rubber is applied to the synthesis of star-shaped branched
butyl rubber, the distribution and number of branched points can be accurately regulated and controlled, the weight-average molecular weight and molecular
weight distribution index of the rubber are remarkably improved, and the
side reaction of gel is avoided.