The invention discloses galactosamine and polydopamine modified liver cancer targeting nanoparticles as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the galactosamine and polydopamine modified liver cancer targeting nanoparticles comprises the following steps: taking polymer and a hydrophobic medicine, dissolving the polymer and the hydrophobic medicine into an organic solvent, stirring, dropwise adding the obtained solution into TPGS aqueous solution, stirring, carrying out reduced pressure volatilization, centrifuging, and abandoning supernate, so that polymer initial nanoparticles carrying the hydrophobic medicine are obtained; resuspending the initial nanoparticles in Tris buffer solution, adding dopamine hydrochloride for reacting, and centrifuging, so that hydrophobic-medicine-carrying nanoparticles wrapped by polydopamine are obtained; dispersing the hydrophobic-medicine-carrying nanoparticles wrapped by polydopamine into weakly alkaline aqueous solution, adding a liver cancer targeting ligand galactosamine, reacting, centrifuging, and carrying out freeze drying, so that the galactosamine and polydopamine modified liver cancer targeting nanoparticles are obtained. The preparation method of the galactosamine and polydopamine modified liver cancer targeting nanoparticles is simple and pollution-free; and the galactosamine and polydopamine modified liver cancer targeting nanoparticles have good liver targeting property, biological compatibility and biological degradability, can be used for targeting liver cancer and has treatment effect.