31 results about "Staphylococcus lentus" patented technology

The invention provides a staphylococcus aureus phage strain VB_SavM_JYL01. The staphylococcus aureus phage stain VB_SavM_JYL01 has been preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection on 25th March, 2018, the preservation name is Staphylococcus aureus phage VB_SavM_JYL01, and the preservation number is CCTCC M 2018154. The staphylococcus aureus phage strain has a wide lysis spectrum, thus staphylococcus aureus can be lysed, certain staphylococcus epidermidis can also be lysed, host bacteria 206 can be lysed, and staphylococcus clinical strains separated from the environment or fecesof diseased animals can also be lysed; the staphylococcus aureus phage can be used independently or in combination with other substances, and a safe and nontoxic phage disinfecting and killing productis provided for disinfecting and purifying the environment.

The invention discloses a staphylococcus cohnii selective medium and a preparation method thereof. The staphylococcus cohnii selective medium is characterized in that the 1000 ml of selective medium comprises the following components by weight: 15g of malt extract, 150ml of egg protein liquid, 5g of sodium chloride, 0.5g of magnesium citrate, 15g of agar, 8-12 mg of coetsoidin, 0.5g of acetovanillone and 0.2g of monopotassium phosphate, which are prepared to 1000 ml by adding distilled water. The optical preparation method comprises the following steps of: dissolving the malt extract, the egg protein liquid, sodium chloride, magnesium citrate, the agar, the coetsoidin, the acetovanillone, the monopotassium phosphate, L-cysteine and copper sulfate in lily decocted liquid; and uniformly mixing the components, metering the volume of the mixture, sterilizing, splitting and packaging the mixture. Compared with the prior art, the detection is reliable, and the separation rate of the staphylococcus lentus is high.

The invention relates to the technical field of gene engineering, in particular to novel broad-spectrum chimeric lysin BGS-PlySb and an encoding gene and application thereof. The novel broad-spectrum chimeric lysin BGS-PlySb has an amino acid sequence shown as in SEQ ID NO. 1; the encoding gene of the novel broad-spectrum chimeric lysin BGS-PlySb has a nucleotide sequence shown as in SEQ ID NO. 2. A novel chimeric lysin is constructed by means of gene splicing and is suitable for killing various species of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus, particularly various species of Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus suis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus iniae and other species; the novel broad-spectrum chimeric lysin BGS-PlySb has good stability and is insensitive to high-concentration NaCl, recombinant protein GBS-PlySb is well expressible in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and a high dose of GBS-PlySb is free of significant cytotoxicity. Therefore, the novel broad-spectrum chimeric lysin BGS-PlySb is applicable independently to or as an additive to the control of various species of Streptococcus and the treatment of infections caused by these species, and has a promising application prospect.

A pharmaceutical preparation for prophylaxis against and treatment of Staphylococcus induced infections or conditions in humans and animals, is disclosed, wherein it comprises a combination of a) one or more viable α-Streptococcus strains chosen from the group consisting of the Streptococcus sanguis II strains having the accession numbers NCIMB 40104, NCIMB 40105, NCIMB 40106, and NCIMB 40873, the Streptococcus mitis strains having the accession numbers NCIMB 40107, and NCIMB 40874, the Streptococcus oralis strains having the accession numbers NCIMB 40875 and NCIMB 40876, the Streptococcus lactis strain L1A having the accession number NCIMB 40157, and one or more variants thereof having the same or essentially similar effect; and b) one or more viable Lactobacillus strains chosen from the group consisting of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain LB21 having the accession number NCIMB 40564, the Lactobacillus plantarum strain LB3 having the accession number DSM 17852, and the Lactobacillus plantarum strain LB7 having the accession number DSM 17853, and one or more variants thereof having the same or essentially similar effect; in at least one pharmaceutically acceptable medium in which said strains maintain their viability, as well as a kit for and a method of prophylaxis and treatment of Staphylococcus induced infections and conditions, and use

The present invention relates to peptides of the enolase protein from Staphylococcus aureus as well as nucleic acid and nucleic acid sequence homologues encoding the peptides. The present invention also relates to a composition, particularly a S. aureus vaccine, comprising one or more of the enolase peptides described herein or a fragment, derivative or variant thereof capable of generating an immune response that induces a protective antibody response or opsonophagocytic activity of human neutrophils for S. aureus. The present invention also encompasses methods of treating and / or reducing the likelihood of a Staphylococcus infection by administering a composition of the invention.

The invention provides a kit for detecting staphylococcus hominis. The kit comprises a guide RNA specifically targeting a staphylococcus hominis rpoB gene, amplification primer pairs, hydrated TwistAmp basic kit reaction drying balls, an LbCas12a protein, a single-stranded DNA probe (ssDNA), a Ribonuclease Inhibitor and a buffer solution. The kit is used for detecting the staphylococcus hominis, the detection specificity is high, and the staphylococcus hominis can be distinguished from other staphylococcocci including staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus warneri, staphylococcus capitis and staphylococcus haemolyticus. The RNA sequence is used for detection, the consumed time is about 1 hour, no PCR instrument is needed, the requirements for equipment are low and significantly lower than those of a traditional bacterial culture method or PCR sequencing method, and the clinical practical value is high.

This invention discloses a lysin that can kill many species of Streptococci. A new lysin, ClyR, was constructed by the gene splicing method. The ClyR can effectively kill different species of Streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus suis, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus equi, and various Enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus. ClyR shows good stability and is not sensitive to EDTA and high concentration of NaCl. Moreover, the ClyR is active in a wide range of pH and maintains high activity in pH 5-11. Recombinant protein ClyR is well expressed in E. coli stain BL21 (DE3). High doses of ClyR showed no apparent toxicity in mice. Furthermore, administration of 0.8 mg per mouse once is able to completely protect the mouse infected with lethal doses of Group B Streptococci. The ClyR can be used alone or in combination with different forms of reagents and solutions, for the control of a variety of Streptococci and for the treatment of infections caused by these bacteria. It has a broad application prospect.

The invention provides a kit for detecting staphylococcus haemolyticus. The kit comprises guide RNA specifically targeting staphylococcus haemolyticus rpoB gene, an amplification primer pair, hydration TwistAmp basic kit reaction drying balls, LbCas12a protein, a single-chain DNA probe (ssDNA), a Ribonuclease Inhibitor and a buffer solution. When the kit is used for detecting the staphylococcus haemolyticus, high detection specificity is achieved, and the staphylococcus haemolyticus can be distinguished from other staphylococcus such as staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus hominis, staphylococcus warneri, staphylococcus capitis and staphylococcus epidermidis. Meanwhile, when the RNA sequence is used to perform detection, detection time is about 1 hour, a PCR instrument is not needed, equipment requirements are evidently lower than those of a traditional bacterial culture method or a PCR sequencing method, and a high clinical practical value is achieved.

The Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage phi11 endolysin has two peptidoglycan hydrolase domains (endopeptidase and amidase) and a SH3b cell wall-binding domain. In turbidity reduction assays, the purified protein can lyse untreated staphylococcal mastitis-causing pathogens, S. aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci (S. chronogenes, S. epidermis, S. hyicus, S. simulans, S. warneri, and S. xylocus), making it a strong antimicrobial protein and an effective candidate for treating multidrug-resistant staphylococci. Lytic activity is maintained at the pH (6.7) and the ‘free’ calcium concentration (3 mM) of milk. Truncated endolysin-derived proteins, containing just the endopeptidase domain, also lyse staphylococci, in the absence of the SH3b-binding domain.

The invention discloses a strain of salt-tolerant staphylococcus lentus and application thereof in industrial NMP wastewater treatment, and belongs to the technical field of industrial wastewater treatment. The staphylococcus lentus CCZU-X is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC) with the preservation number of CGMCC No.19016. The strain can be applied todegradation of NMP in industrial NMP salt-containing wastewater; in particular, suitable degradation culture conditions for NMP degradation are as follows: the temperature is 20-40 DEG C, the pH value is 5-9, and the concentration of NMP after treatment is greatly reduced. Compared with a traditional method, the strain and the application method thereof have the advantages that the treatment efficiency is high, the application range is wide, the operation is simple, the requirement on equipment is not high, the operation cost is obviously reduced, and the problem of low efficiency of treatingindustrial NMP salt-containing wastewater by a traditional activated sludge method can be solved.

The invention provides sika deer coronet antibacterial peptides / proteins with antibacterial effect and applications thereof, including sika deer coronet micromolecular polypeptides, sika deer coronet collagen hydrolyzing peptides, and sika deer coronet micromolecular protein monomers. The peptides / proteins are subjected to inhibition ring tests so as to observe the inhibiting effect on Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and fungi; wherein the Gram-negative bacteria comprise enterobacter aerogenes, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and escherichia coli. The Gram-positive bacteria comprise staphylococcus lentus, lactococcus garvieae, staphylococcus xylosus, bacillus subtilis, and staphylococcus intermedius. The fungi are candida albicans. Under the effect of various bacteriostatic agents, the enterobacter aerogenes, bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus intermedius, and staphylococcus xylosus are inhibited to a certain degree, and the candida albicans, lactococcus garvieae, proteus mirabilis, and staphylococcus lentus are not inhibited.

The invention relates to a lyase capable of killing staphylococcus, in particular to staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus sciuri, staphylococcus equorum, staphylococcus haemolyticus, staphylococcus saprophyticus and other staphylococcus, and a preservation method and application of the lyase. The amino acid sequence of the staphylococcal lyase is shown as SEQ ID NO.1, and the nucleotide sequenceof a gene for encoding the staphylococcal lyase is shown as SEQ ID NO.2. The pH range of the lyase for effect exertion is wide, the activity for lysing the staphylococcus is kept at the pH of 6-10, and a recombinant protease constructed by the encoding gene can be subjected to soluble expression in escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The lyase can be used as an antibiotic for treating in-vivo and in-vitro staphylococcal infection and can also quickly lyse the cell walls of the staphylococcus to release substances in cells, and therefore the lyase is used for nucleic acid extraction and preparation ofmedicaments for staphylococcal detection and identification. It is proved through tests that after the staphylococcus lyase is lyophilized, the bactericidal activity of the protein of the staphylococcus lyase is not reduced, and therefore the staphylococcus lyase can be prepared into lyophilized powder for storage.

The invention relates to a method for over-expressing cecropin in cordyceps militaris. The method comprises the following steps: constructing an overexpression vector of cecropin by utilizing an HSP70 promoter of cordyceps militaris; transferring the vector into a strain of cordyceps militaris through agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation, performing resistance screening, thereby obtaining a transgenic strain. Compared with a wild type strain, the strain prepared by the invention has obvious bacteriostatic action on prokaryotic Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus and has a potential utilization value for replacing antibiotics.

The invention discloses staphylococcus warneri classified and named as staphylococcus warneri KR809427. The staphylococcus warneri KR809427 is preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection on October 31, 2016, and a preservation number is CCTCC NO:M 2016599. The invention further discloses application of staphylococcus warneri to increase of soil pH value and passivation of soil copper activity and discloses an application bacterial agent. The staphylococcus warneri CCTCC NO:M 2016599 grows fast and is high in resistance to copper, acids, alkalis and salts and capable of remarkably increasing culture medium pH value and reducing effective copper content of soil, thereby being high in potential for remediation of different types of copper contaminated soil.

The invention provides application of Amomum tsao-ko oil to preparation of medicaments for treating bacterial infectious diseases. The bacteria is coagulase negative staphylococcus, Kurthia gibsonii, megacoccus, corynebacterium, enterococcus faecalis, bacillus, escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Chryseobacterium indologenes, Enterobacter cloacae, S.flexneri or proteus vulgaris. The medicine provided by the invention has antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria, as well as strong inhibitory effect on the resistant strains, and also has good antibacterial effect in vivo; in addition; and the medicament can effectively treat clinical infectious diseases caused by gram positive and gram negative bacteria of various types, and provides a novel clinical medicine choice.

The invention discloses a culture medium for co-culturing Candida albicans and staphylococcus, and in particular relates to the influence of different nutritional components, calcium ions and blood on the growth of the Candida albicans and the staphylococcus and discussion on the proportion of a culture medium which is the most suitable for growing the Candida albicans and the staphylococcus. The culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.15 to 0.25 percent of yeast extract, 1.15 to 1.25 percent of peptone, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of glucose, 0.375 to 0.425 percent of NaCl, 0.25 to 0.255 percent of beef powder and 1.575 to 1.625 percent of agar powder. The Candida albicans and staphylococcus aureus / staphylococcus epidermidis are researched, and the influence of the culture medium on the size and shape of bacterial colonies of the Candida albicans and the staphylococcus aureus / staphylococcus epidermidis is directly evaluated by a streak plate method. Results show that the Candida albicans and the staphylococcus aureus / staphylococcus epidermidis can be well grown when the culture medium is adopted.

The invention provides a kit for detecting staphylococcus capitis. The kit comprises guide RNA specifically targeting staphylococcus capitis rpoB gene, an amplification primer pair, hydration TwistAmpbasic kit reaction drying balls, LbCas12a protein, a single-chain DNA probe (ssDNA), a Ribonuclease Inhibitor and a buffer solution. When the kit is used for detecting the staphylococcus capitis, high detection specificity is achieved, and the staphylococcus capitis can be distinguished from other staphylococcus such as staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus hominis, staphylococcus warneri, staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus haemolyticus. Meanwhile, when the RNA sequence is used to perform detection, detection time is about 1 hour, a PCR instrument is not needed, equipment requirements are evidently lower than those of a traditional bacterial culture method or a PCR sequencing method, and a high clinical practical value is achieved.

This invention discloses a lysin that can kill many species of Streptococci. A new lysin, ClyR, was constructed by the gene splicing method. The ClyR can effectively kill different species of Streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus suis, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus equi, and various Enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus. ClyR shows good stability and is not sensitive to EDTA and high concentration of NaCl. Moreover, the ClyR is active in a wide range of pH and maintains high activity in pH 5-11. Recombinant protein ClyR is well expressed in E. coli stain BL21 (DE3). High doses of ClyR showed no apparent toxicity in mice. Furthermore, administration of 0.8 mg per mouse once is able to completely protect the mouse infected with lethal doses of Group B Streptococci. The ClyR can be used alone or in combination with different forms of reagents and solutions, for the control of a variety of Streptococci and for the treatment of infections caused by these bacteria. It has a broad application prospect.

The invention discloses a fluorescent chromogenic culture medium for detecting staphylococcus aureus. The fluorescent chromogenic culture medium is prepared from a nitrogen source, a carbon source, sodium chloride and an infectious microbe growth inhibitor. The fluorescent chromogenic culture medium is characterized by further being prepared from staphylococcus aureus chromogenic substrate 4-methyl umbelliferone-p-nitro beta-D-glucoside and beta-D-glucoside, non staphylococcus aureus chromogenic substrate paranitrophenol-alpha-D-galactopyranose and non staphylococcus aureus chromogenic substrate p-nitrophenol beta-D-glucuronide. The fluorescent chromogenic culture medium disclosed by the invention can provide a more convenient chromogenic scheme for distinguishing the staphylococcus aureusfrom other staphylococcus under the situation without color developing aid existence, can effectively distinguish the staphylococcus aureus from a part of non staphylococcus aureus and other infectious microbes and has a better selectivity to the staphylococcus aureus.

The invention discloses a staphylococcus lentus selective medium and a preparation method thereof. The staphylococcus lentus selective medium is characterized in that the formula of 1000 ml of selective medium comprises the following components by weight: 15g of malt extract, 150ml of egg protein fluid, 5g of sodium chloride, 0.5g of magnesium citrate, 15g of agar, 8-12mg of coetsoidin, 3.6g of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and 0.2g of monopotassium phosphate, which are prepared to 1000 ml by adding distilled water. The optimal preparation method for the staphylococcus lentus selective medium comprises the following steps of: dissolving the malt extract, the egg protein fluid, sodium chloride, magnesium citrate, agar, coetsoidin, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, monopotassium phosphate, L-cysteine and copper sulfate in lily decocted liquid; uniformly mixing the components, metering the volume of the mixture, sterilizing, splitting and packaging the mixture. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method has the characteristics that the detection is reliable, and the separation rate of the staphylococcus lentus is high.

The invention discloses a culture medium for co-culturing Candida albicans and staphylococcus, and in particular relates to the influence of different nutritional components, calcium ions and blood on the growth of the Candida albicans and the staphylococcus and discussion on the proportion of a culture medium which is the most suitable for growing the Candida albicans and the staphylococcus. The culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.15 to 0.25 percent of yeast extract, 1.15 to 1.25 percent of peptone, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of glucose, 0.375 to 0.425 percent of NaCl, 0.25 to 0.255 percent of beef powder and 1.575 to 1.625 percent of agar powder. The Candida albicans and staphylococcus aureus / staphylococcus epidermidis are researched, and the influence of the culture medium on the size and shape of bacterial colonies of the Candida albicans and the staphylococcus aureus / staphylococcus epidermidis is directly evaluated by a streak plate method. Results show that the Candida albicans and the staphylococcus aureus / staphylococcus epidermidis can be well grown when the culture medium is adopted.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a selective medium of staphylococcus lentus. The method is characterized in that a formula of a prepared 1000ml selective medium comprises 15g of malt extract powder, 150ml of an egg protein fluid, 5g of sodium chloride, 0.5g of magnesium citrate, 15g of agar, 8-12mg of coetsoidin A, 3.6g of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, 0.2g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the balance of distilled water for supplementing to 1000ml. The preparation method of the optimal formula comprises the following steps: dissolving malt extract powder, egg protein fluid, sodium chloride, magnesium citrate, agar, coetsoidin A, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, L-cysteine and copper sulfate in a lily boiled liquid; uniformly mixing; fixing the volume; and sterilizing and sub-packaging. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of reliable detection and high separation rate of staphylococcus lentus.

Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and multi-drug resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus are becoming increasingly prevalent in both human and veterinary clinics. S. aureus-causing bovine mastitis yields high annual losses to the dairy industry. Treatment of mastitis by broad range antibiotics is often not successful and may contribute to development of antibiotic resistance. Bacteriophage endolysins are a promising new source of antimicrobials. The endolysin of prophage φSH2 of Staphylococcus haemolyticus strain JCSC1435 (φSH2 lysin) shows lytic activity against live staphylococcal cells. Deletion constructs were tested in zymograms and turbidity reduction assays to evaluate the contribution of each functional module to lysis. The CHAP domain exhibited three-fold higher activity than the full length protein. Activity was further enhanced in the presence of bivalent calcium ions. The full length enzyme and the CHAP domain showed activity against multiple staphylococcal strains, including MRSA strains, mastitis isolates, and coagulase negative staphylococcal (CoNS) strains.

A freeze-dried formulation includes an antibacterial protein having killing activity specific to at least one of or all following species: Staphylococcus arlettae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus auricularis, Staphylococcus carnosus, Staphylococcus carprae, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus cohnii, Staphylococcus delphini, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus equorum, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus hemolyticus, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus kloosii, Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus muscae, Staphylococcus pasteuri, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus warneri, and Staphylococcus xylosus; a poloxamer; a sugar, and an amino acid.

The Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage phi11 endolysin has two peptidoglycan hydrolase domains (endopeptidase and amidase) and a SH3b cell wall-binding domain. In turbidity reduction assays, the purified protein can lyse untreated staphylococcal mastitis-causing pathogens, S. aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci (S. chronogenes, S. epidermis, S. hyicus, S. simulans, S. warneri, and S. xylocus), making it a strong antimicrobial protein and an effective candidate for treating multidrug-resistant staphylococci. Lytic activity is maintained at the pH (6.7) and the ‘free’ calcium concentration (3 mM) of milk. Truncated endolysin-derived proteins, containing just the endopeptidase domain, also lyse staphylococci, in the absence of the SH3b-binding domain.

The invention discloses a Staphylococcus lentus and its application. Its morphological characteristics: the appearance of the bacterial colony on LB medium: white, opaque, round, slightly raised, with neat edges, smooth and moist surface, shiny, and the size of the colony About 1mm. Microscopic morphology of the bacteria: Gram-positive cocci, arranged in clusters of grapes, without spores, flagella, and capsules. The invention can efficiently dissociate low-sulfur coal gangue to release potassium.

The invention discloses dominant flora in a white gourd cooked curing process and an amplification primer thereof. In the preliminary stage of white gourd cooked curing, dominant bacteria in the curing system include acinetobacter, Weissella and bacillus; in the early stage, the dominant bacteria include Weissella, bacillus and enterobacter; in the middle stage, the dominant bacteria include lactobacillus, bacillus and Weissella; in the later stage, the dominant bacteria include Weissella, bacillus and staphylococcus; the upstream and downstream primers of the similar leuconostoc mesenteroides are shown by SEQ ID No.1 and No.2; the upstream and downstream primers of acinetobacter calcoaceticus are shown by SEQ ID No.3 and No.4; the upstream and downstream primers of Weissella cibarium are shown by SEQ ID No.5 and No.6; and the upstream and downstream primers of lactobacillus curvatus are shown by SEQ ID No.7 and No.8. According to the invention, the dynamic change conditions of the dominant microorganisms in a white gourd fermentation process are revealed so as to provide theoretical basis to the technological improvement and quality control.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a selective medium of staphylococcus lentus. The method is characterized in that a formula of a prepared 1000ml selective medium comprises 15g of malt extract powder, 150ml of an egg protein fluid, 5g of sodium chloride, 0.5g of magnesium citrate, 15g of agar, 8-12mg of coetsoidin A, 3.6g of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, 0.2g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the balance of distilled water for supplementing to 1000ml. The preparation method of the optimal formula comprises the following steps: dissolving malt extract powder, egg protein fluid, sodium chloride, magnesium citrate, agar, coetsoidin A, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, L-cysteine and copper sulfate in a lily boiled liquid; uniformly mixing; fixing the volume; and sterilizing and sub-packaging. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of reliable detection and high separation rate of staphylococcus lentus.

The present invention relates to the use of inhibitors of FtsZ, an ancestral tubulin of prokaryotes, to restore susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics, including carbapenems and cephalosporins, particularly in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant Staphyloccus epidermis (MRSE), and other coagulase negative staphylococci (MRCNS).