The application relates to a head K-40 phantom construction method and a head K-40 phantom. The head K-40 phantom is equivalent to a spherical phantom: equivalent
tissue material is established, the average
atomic number of the head tissue is calculated based on the
element composition of the head tissue, and an equivalent tissue solution with the same average
atomic number is prepared with water as a matrix; geometric shape equivalence is achieved, a geometric efficiency function of a cylindrical
detector for a spherical source is constructed based on a spherical-cylindrical
detector geometric efficiency calculation model; the equivalent spherical
radius is determined, the
simulation geometric efficiency of the head phantom-
detector system is calculated through a Monte Carlo method, the geometric efficiency function is solved to be equal to the
simulation geometric efficiency, and the equivalent spherical
radius is obtained; the phantom is constructed, the equivalent tissue solution is used to fill a spherical container with a
radius equal to the equivalent spherical radius, and a spherical head K-40 phantom is constructed. The application can simplify the construction process of the head K-40 physical phantom, reduce the calculation resource requirement of the head K-40 digital phantom, guarantee the
simulation precision, and has high flexibility.