The invention relates to a method for preparing a functional carbon nanotube modified polyurethane, which comprises: firstly, preparation of the functional carbon nanotube, namely, dissolving a carbon nanotube into a mixed solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid the volume ratio of which is 3:1, performing ultrasonic vibration for 1 to 2 hours, heating the mixed solution in water bath, refluxing the mixed solution for 3 to 4 hours, taking out the mixed solution, and obtaining CNT-COOH after dilution, centrifugation, filtration and drying of the mixed solution by deionized water; and dispersing the CNT-COOH into an organic solvent, adding isocyanate into the organic solvent, performing heating in water bath, and obtaining the functional carbon nanotube; and secondly, preparation of a functional carbon nanotube / polyurethane composite system, namely, dissolving the functional carbon nanotube into a thermoplastic polyurethane solution by a solution mixing method, and processing the functional carbon nanotube to form the functional carbon nanotube / polyurethane composite system; or directly mixing the functional carbon nanotube and polyurethane by means of fusing and processing, and extruding the functional carbon nanotube to form the functional carbon nanotube / polyurethane composite system. The method is easy, simple and convenient, has simple equipment,and is suitable for mass production and used in the fields of material reinforcement, electrical conductance, heat conduction and so on; and the elasticity, the mechanical property and the thermal stability of the material obtained are changed correspondingly.