The invention belongs to the field of financial security, and provides a method for building a currency number information database to improve currency circulation security. A traceable mechanism for each currency is built through the Internet, currency number information is extracted through a currency count machine with a currency number recognition function and an ATM in the process of money depositing, money withdrawing and cash consumption payment, the currency number information is sent to a financial system database server or a public system server to be compared through a computer terminal, whether the currency passing through the currency count machine is legal or not is judged, and if the currency is illegal, people can call the police. According to the method, beneficial case solving clues are provided for the public security organ when burglaries, robbing, swindles of various types, blackmail, kidnapping for extortion and other cases involving currency occur, criminal suspects can run nowhere, the criminal suspects are strongly overawed, motivation and actions involving currency crimes are restrained fundamentally, the security of currency circulation and the security of the currency of the masses are guaranteed, and the cost of the public security organ for solving the cases involving the currency is lowered.