The invention provides a low solar absorption rate alumina-potassium silicate thermal control coating and a preparation method thereof. The coating consists of potassium silicate, diethanolamine, emulsifier, sodium hexametaphosphate, dispersant, defoamer, Light and heavy calcium carbonate, talcum powder, mica powder, alumina powder and water form a slurry, which is mixed with phenylacrylic acid emulsion at a weight ratio of 1:0.4-0.9. The coating of the present invention has stable space behavior, significant anti-atomic oxygen erosion effect, low heat absorption rate, and good thermal control effect, and is suitable for low-earth orbit vehicles such as satellites, manned spacecraft, space stations, space shuttles and other spacecraft and various types of space. detector.