228results about How to "Improve antiknock performance" patented technology

A four-cycle engine is provided with valve timing adjusters for adjusting opening and closing timing an and an exhaust valve. In medium- to high-speed ranges in medium- to high-load regions of the engine, a closing point (ExC) of the exhaust valve defined as a point of transfer from an acceleration portion to a constant speed portion on its valve lift characteristics curve is set to a point a specific period before an intake top dead center, and an opening point (InO) of the intake valve defined as a point of transfer from a constant speed portion to an acceleration portion on its valve lift characteristics curve is set to a point after the intake top dead center. In addition, the period from the closing point (ExC) of the exhaust valve to the opening point (InO) of the intake valve is made longer in the medium-speed range than in the high-speed range in the medium- to high-load regions of the engine.

Barrier units and articles made therefrom, particularly constraining bands of high strength and low weight for containing articles, especially in blast resistant container assemblies, are disclosed. The barrier unit comprises a surface having a regular polygonal perimeter with a plurality of substantially parallel sides, each of which terminates in at least one loop integral with the surface. The surface comprises at least one network of high strength fiber with at least about 50 weight percent of the fiber comprising substantially contianuous lengths of fiber aligned in the hoop direction of the loops. The barrier units have utility as constraining bands for loads of articles like logs, and as doors / closures for access openings to the interior of aircraft blast resistant cargo containers. They are also useful as fences and window protectors.

The invention discloses wear-resistant and antiknock concrete and a preparation method thereof. Each cubic meter of the concrete comprises 600-1600kg of cement, 400-1400kg of fine aggregate, 30-560kg of a high-strength admixture, 250-1300kg of high wear-resistant aggregate, 3-500kg of high tensile strength fibers, 0.4-45kg of organic fibers, 0.6-43.2kg of a water reducer (based on solid content), 0.06-43kg of an antifoaming agent, 6-129kg of an expanding agent and 100-430kg of water. The wear-resistant, antiknock and radiation-resistant concrete has high wear resistance, instant high temperature explosion resistance, high knock resistance, high toughness and radiation resistance.

Disclosed is a system and method to both reduce a degree of explosive shock waves and to absorb a degree of explosive blast energy from the undercarriage of a vehicle which comprises the use of one or more layers of rigid closed-cell spray polyurethane foam, applied to the armored undercarriage of the vehicle. This invention combines two key aspects: 1) blast suppression or mitigation materials that absorb energy and 2) traditional military hardened armor solutions. The effectiveness of spray applied rigid foam has been proven to both dramatically reduce shock waves and absorb energy from explosive blasts (e.g., IEDs).

The invention relates to the technical field of a gear box cover, and in particular relates to a zinc-aluminum alloy gear box cover and a preparation process thereof. The gear box cover is made of a zinc-aluminum alloy material, wherein the zinc-aluminum alloy material consists of the following chemical components by mass percent: 94.5 to 96.5 percent of zinc, 3 to 5 percent of aluminum, 0.02 to 0.04 percent of magnesium, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of copper, 0.006 to 0.009 percent of iron, 0.002 to 0.004 percent of impurity lead, 0.0005 to 0.0015 percent of cadmium and 0.0001 to 0.0008 percent of tin. The preparation process comprises the steps such as smelting, die-casting forming, polishing, flash removing, grinding and CNC machining. The gear box cover is easier to assemble, high in wear resistance, excellent in mechanical property and long in service life; the process is simple, the quality is stable, the production efficiency is high, the overall cost can be reduced by more than 50 percent, and the industrialized mass production can be realized.

The invention discloses a surface treatment method for antiknocking and modifying granulated fertilizer containing ammonium nitrate. In the method, firstly, fused ammonium nitrate is granulated by a tower top to obtain the granulated fertilizer containing the ammonium nitrate, then the surface of the granulated fertilizer is coated with a liquid binding agent, and finally, the granulated fertilizer is coated and enwrapped with solid powder consisting of firming agent and powdering agent, so that the surface treatment for antiknocking and modifying the granulated fertilizer containing the ammonium nitrate is finished. Under the interaction of the binding agent, the firming agent and the powdering agent, the invention improves the antiknock performance of agricultural ammonium nitrate greatly to achieve the requirement of the standard of WJ-9050-2006 agricultural ammonium nitrate antiknock performance test method and judgement. The granulated fertilizer containing the ammonium nitrate is subject to the antiknocking and modifying surface treatment after the fused ammonium nitrate is granulated, thereby causing no influence on the matured ammonium nitrate granulating technology, not reducing the production capacity of an ammonium nitrate prilling tower and causing no potential safety hazard.

Disclosed herein is a control apparatus for a spark-ignition engine that is capable of avoiding knocking at the time of high-load operation. With this control apparatus, a residual-gas suction unit or the like is not used, an exhaust gas does not deteriorate due to injection in a compression stroke, and a thermal efficiency also does not decrease.An engine control apparatus (ECU) 20 is used for the control of a direct-injection type spark-ignition engine. During the high-load operation of the spark-ignition engine, the ECU 20 injects fuel a plurality of times. In addition, the ECU performs first fuel injection toward internal EGR that exists in a combustion chamber of the spark-ignition engine.

The invention belongs to the field of recycling of solid waste, and provides a method for preparing liquid fuel by using biomass. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps that thereaction phase and the extract phase are mixed to form a two-phase system to serve as a reaction medium; an acid catalyst, a hydrodeoxygenation catalyst, a biomass raw material and the reaction medium are added into a reactor at the specific mass ratio; a hydrogen source is introduced to have the continuous reaction under the specific temperature and stirring conditions, and cellulose and hemicellulose in the biomass are conversed to be 2,5-2-methylfuran and 2-methylfuran respectively; the water phase and the organic phase are separated, the organic phase rich in 2,5-2-methylfuran and 2-methylfuran is obtained to serve as the liquid fuel, and the unreacted rest materials in the water phase are recycled. The method provided by the invention does not need to pre-process the biomass, can lower temperature and hydrogen consumption and loss needed by the reaction, reduces the separation and purification process, and can integrate 2,5-2-methylfuran and methylfuran into the fuel product directly.

The invention discloses a novel antiknock fireproof plate and a preparation method thereof. The plate comprises a punching plate and an active powder concrete slab, wherein the active powder concrete slab comprises the following raw materials by weight percentage: 29.62-31.40% of aluminate cement, 32.60-34.55% of quartz sands, 4.11-8.72% of steel fiber, 0.14-0.20% of basalt fiber, 0.15-0.21% of plastic steel fiber, 10.37-11.0% of silica fume, 8.89-9.42% of quartz powders, 0.74-0.79% of high-efficiency water reducing agents and 8.38-8.89% of water. The flexural strength, antiknock performance, fire insulation performance, impact resistance and penetration resistance of the plate are all significantly improved, and the plate is suitable for the antiknock fireproof projects in high resistance.

The invention relates to heating and ventilation equipment for a fresh air inlet and an exhaust outlet of a building, in particular to a ventilation knock valve and valve bodies thereof. The double sides of the ventilation knock valve have an impact wave protection function. The turtle-shell-imitating small-valve-element array type knock valve comprises valve elements and the two valve bodies, wherein each valve body comprises a frame body, and two intersecting supporting bodies are symmetrically arranged in each frame body and provided with through grooves at intervals. A spine is located at the intersecting position of every two supporting bodies. Each valve element is arranged above the through grooves of every two supporting bodies. The two valve bodies are fixed in a matched mode, the front faces of the supporting bodies of the two valve bodies are opposite, and the upper side faces of the frame bodies are connected. One end of each valve element is rotatably connected and fixed to the corresponding spine, and the windward faces of the valve elements are fixed in the middles of valve cavities through springs fixed to the frame bodies. The knock valve and the valve bodies have the advantages that the weight of the valve elements can be greatly reduced, the antiknock strength is improved, the closing speed of the valve is increased, the energy of impact waves permeating through the ventilation valve is lowered, and the safety performance is remarkably improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering model test equipment. The proposed geotechnical engineering anti-explosion structure model test device is composed of a side-limited box body and an explosion pit at the lower part, and is equipped with a matching wave-eliminating mechanism, a locking mechanism and a sliding Positioning mechanism; wave dissipation mechanism includes aluminum wave dissipation grid (21) and wooden wave dissipation plate (20); sliding positioning mechanism includes two-way jack cylinder (15), guide rail (17) and limit block (19); locking The mechanism is composed of a locking pull rod (3), a side limit connecting block (18) and a nut (2). The invention can simulate different explosion forms in equipment with moderate size; meet the convenient and feasible requirements for excavation of caverns, installation of enclosure structures and measurement equipment; it can be reused, and it is beneficial to observe the damage of structures in the test; The results can provide an important basis for underground explosion-resistant engineering design and scientific research.

The invention relates to a methanol gasoline additive and a methanol gasoline containing the same. The methanol gasoline additive comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4-32% of toluene, 4-42% of dimethylbenzene, 0.5-10% of C5H12 and C7H16, 3-43% of isobutanol, 4-33% of isopropanol, 0.8-15% of isoamyl alcohol, 1-8% of ethanol, 1-6% of antifreezing agent, 0.2-3% of antioxygen antigum inhibitor, 0.05-0.6% of metal passivator, 0.008-0.06% of detergent dispersant, 1-6% of preservative and 2-8% of emulsifier. The methanol gasoline is prepared by the following steps: uniformly mixing gasoline, naphtha, petroleum ether, 120# solvent oil, light hydrocarbon, methanol fuel and the methanol gasoline additive, and filtering through a modified attapulgite adsorption stabilizer. The methanol gasoline produced from the methanol gasoline additive is especially suitable for high altitude anoxia regions. The methanol gasoline has the advantages of quick cycling start, stable idle speed, low harmful substance emission during combustion, favorable dynamic performance in high altitude anoxia regions, high corrosion resistance, and no stratification at low temperature, and does not generate air resistance.

The invention discloses a guiding buffering anti-explosion device for a vertical air shaft. The device is mainly composed of an outer frame, an inner frame, a buffer umbrella, a central guiding column and a counter weight mechanism. Two vertical columns (201) of the outer frame are fixed on a shaft head base (1) respectively, a guiding cylinder (5) is arranged between two beams (202) of the outer frame, vertical columns (301) of the inner frame are mounted on the inner sides of the vertical columns of the outer frame in a vertical sliding mode, the bottom ends of the vertical columns of the inner frame are fixed with a door (12), ribs (601) of the buffer umbrella are fixed below the beams of the outer frame, a base plate (602) and a buffering block (603) are fixed below the ribs, and the central guiding column penetrates the guiding cylinder to be fixedly connected with the buffering umbrella and the door. According to the device, rigid guiding constraints and a buffering energy absorption apparatus are added, so that the reliability and the anti-explosion capacity of the anti-explosion door are improved, effects on normal ventilation of the shaft are small, and improvements of air shaft anti-explosion doors of production shafts are facilitated.

The invention belongs to the technical field of additives, and in particular relates to a gasoline additive. The gasoline additive consists of the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of methanol, 5-6 parts of isobutanol, 10-15 parts of ethanol, 15-20 parts of methyl tertiary-butyl ether, 20-25 parts of naphtha, 0.1-0.5 part of dimethyl phosphate, 0.8-1.5 parts of tween 80 and 10-30 parts of a mixture of rosin and a camphor extracting solution, wherein the weight percent of rosin is 45% and the weight percent of the camphor extracting solution is 55%. The gasoline additive not only can greatly improve the octane value, but also is environment-friendly and safe, so that the gasoline quality is effectively improved, and the gasoline saving effect is obvious.

The invention discloses a vertical air shaft double-door type explosion-proof system, which mainly consists of a gable wall body (2), door bodies (3), a buffer framework (4) and a flexible buffer wall (5), wherein the gable wall body and the buffer framework are respectively fixed on a wellhead steel reinforced concrete base (1); small holes are respectively and correspondingly formed in upper and lower cross beams arranged at the left and right sides of the buffer framework at fixed intervals; the flexible buffer wall consists of a plurality of string-shaped buffer units; the string-shaped buffer units are correspondingly fixed in the small holes formed in the upper and lower cross beams arranged at the left and right sides of the buffer framework; the door bodies (3) are respectively arranged on a short upright post of the buffer framework (4) through a door shaft hinge (6); and the two ends of the door bodies (3) are supported on the gable wall body. The vertical air shaft double-door type explosion-proof system has the advantages that the fast explosion release and automatic resetting can be realized; higher explosion-proof performance is realized; and the vertical air shaft double-door type explosion-proof system is applicable to new and old air shaft building.

The invention discloses a fully assembled light abutment. The abutment comprises a pile foundation, a cushion cap, an abutment cap, double baffle blocks, a back wall bracket and a wing wall, the double baffle blocks are connected with the back wall bracket and installed on the cushion cap, the cushion cap, the abutment cap, the double baffle blocks, the back wall bracket and the wing wall are UHPCprefabricated components internally provided with reinforcement cages, the pile foundation is an NC prefabricated component or a UHPC prefabricated component internally provided with reinforcement cages, the cushion cap is connected with the pile foundation through an H-shaped steel plate with a sealing end cover plate, the abutment cap, the wing wall and the back wall bracket are connected withthe cushion cap through H-shaped steel plates with sealing end cover plates, the double baffle blocks are in tensile connection with the abutment cap through prestress reinforcing bars, and the back wall bracket is in tensile connection with the wing wall through prestress reinforcing bars; the construction method of the structure is included. According to the fully assembled light abutment, a fully assembled structure is adopted, the abutment has the advantages of being fast in construction speed, simple in process, easy to control in engineering project quality, less in occupation space of construction sites and the like, and the existing problem of slow construction process, the quality problem brought by hydration heat when large volume concrete construction is conducted, the problemsof large occupation space and environmental pollution and the like of traditional abutments can be effectively solved.

The invention relates to methanol gasoline for vehicles. The methanol gasoline for the vehicles comprises the following raw materials: by volume ratio, 15-100 of methanol, 0-85 of gasoline, 1-2 of an additive. The additive comprises the following components: by volume ratio, 4-10 of a cosolvent, 50-70 of an antiknock agent, 5-20 of a lubricant, 1-10 of a preservative, 3-15 of a cleaning agent, 1-8 of a combustion improver and 1-8 of an anti-vapor-lock agent. The methanol gasoline for the vehicles has good mutual solubility due to the addition of the cosolvent. Due to the addition of the antiknock agent, the lubricant, the preservative, the cleaning agent, the combustion improver and the anti-vapor-lock agent, the methanol gasoline for the vehicles can prevent oxidation corrosion of metal parts and wearing of cylinders, and has the advantages of strong dynamic property, full combustion, high antiknock property, no vapor lock and the like. Because the main raw materials are the gasoline and the methanol and cost of the raw materials is low, the methanol gasoline for the vehicles is convenient for industrial production.

The invention belongs to explosion removing devices and mainly relates to an anti-fragment wave absorbing explosion removing tank. The wall face of the explosion removing tank (1) sequentially comprises a decorating layer (6), a continuous basalt fiber layer (5), a steel plate (4), foamed aluminum (3) and a lining steel plate (2). The decorating layer (6) is located at the outermost layer, at least one layer of the continuous basalt fiber layer (5) is located on the outer layer of the steel plate (4) and mainly has the anti-fragment function, the foamed aluminum (3) is located between the steel plate (4) and the lining steel plate (2) and mainly has the wave absorbing function, and the feature that explosion shock wave energy can be effectively absorbed is utilized to reduce shock wave peak pressure and convert instant shock wave load into quasi-static load. The foamed aluminum (3) is made of at least one layer of single-specification materials, when the multiple layers of the foamed aluminum (3) are arranged according to anti-explosion requirements, the foamed aluminum layers are sequentially arranged with the density decreasing from outside to inside, and the foamed aluminum structure with certain density gradient is formed.

The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel additives, and particularly relates to a vehicle gasoline additive. The vehicle gasoline additive is prepared from, by weight, 30-50 parts of clearing agent, 10-20 parts of antiknock agent, 10-16 parts of antioxidant, 10-20 parts of dispersing agent, 5-12 parts of corrosion inhibitor and 3-9 parts of lubricating agent. The vehicle gasoline additive is scientific and reasonable in raw material compatibility, and has the effects of helping combustion, improving antiknock indexes, achieving cleanliness, resisting corrosion and oxidization and reducing hazardous substance discharge.

An additive for improving the power performance of gasoline and decreasing the harmful components from its tail gas is prepared from methanol, ethanol-butanol mixture, acetal dimethanol, methyl acetone, butaneone, methyl acetate, toluene, ethylbenzene, solvent oil No.6 and 200, and N-methyl phenylamine.

The invention discloses a warship board multilayer anti-detonation protection structure. The warship board multilayer anti-detonation protection structure comprises a double-layer shell, a void compartment, a first liquid compartment and a second liquid compartment, wherein the double-layer shell, the void compartment, the first liquid compartment and the second liquid compartment are sequentially ranked from the outer side of a warship body to the inner side of the warship body, the water filling height h of the first liquid compartment and the water filling height h of the second liquid compartment are 70%-80% of a compartment height H, the void compartment is separated from the first liquid compartment through a first compartment separation plate, the first liquid compartment is separated from the second liquid compartment through a second compartment separation plate, the second liquid compartment is separated from an inner compartment of a warship through a third compartment separation plate, and the side, towards a compartment body, of the second liquid compartment is fixedly connected with a plurality of longitudinal box girders which are vertically ranked at intervals. The warship board multilayer anti-detonation protection structure with the structural style has the advantages of being light in weight, good in anti-detonation performance, high in residual intensity and the like, when a warship board is impacted by detonation, most detonation impact energy can be absorbed, the compartments of the warship are prevented from being damaged, and personal losses are avoided.

The invention relates to methanol gasoline for vehicles and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of the petrochemical industry. The methanol gasoline for vehicles is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 70-85 percent of gasoline, 10-25 percent of methanol, 0.5-8 percent of petroleum ether, 0.1-2.5 percent of ferrocene, 2,2,3',3'-tetramethylbutane, 0.1-2 percent of di-tert-butyl, 0.5-6 percent of methyl tert-butyl ether, and the like. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: preparing an additive; preparing denatured methanol; and mixing with gasoline and stirring to obtain methanol gasoline for vehicles. By adding some common reagents, the prepared methanol gasoline for vehicles is suitable for various vehicles, has favorable cold start without depositing carbon and clean and environment-friendly exhaust emission without changing the vehicle structure, can be used singly or used with various current brands of gasoline and has favorable economy and market prospects.

The invention provides a capacitor starting module explosion-proof case which comprises a housing with a cover plate. One side plate of the housing is provided with a DC input port and an AC input port, and the other side plate which faces the former side plate is provided with an anode and a cathode for outputting DC current. An explosion-proof frame is arranged outside the housing. Furthermore the bottom of the housing is provided with adjustable legs. When a capacitor starting module is accommodated by the capacitor starting module explosion-proof case, detachment of an original battery of a vehicle is not required, thereby saving time and labor and realizing high operation efficiency. Furthermore the housing can be pulled through a handle, thereby realizing high flexibility and convenient movement. The explosion-proof frame is arranged outside the housing according to the capacitor starting module explosion-proof case, thereby greatly improving housing structure strength, improving explosion-proof performance and realizing safe use and high reliability\. The bottom of the housing is provided with the adjustable legs. The heights of the legs can be adjusted according to an actual condition, and furthermore housing height adjustment is realized. The capacitor starting module explosion-proof case has advantages of simple operation and convenient use.

The invention discloses a closed-loop type mine-used lifesaving cabin body. The closed-loop type mine-used lifesaving cabin body is composed of a plurality of cabin body units in a combined mode end to end, wherein each cabin body unit comprises an inverted-U-shaped cabin body shell and a cabin body bottom shell which is used in cooperation with the cabin body shell, the two ends of each cabin body unit are provided with a cabin body connecting flange I and a cabin body connecting flange II respectively, the cabin body units are fixedly connected through cooperation between the cabin body connecting flanges I and the cabin body connecting flanges II, a plurality of horizontal plane closed-loop type reinforcing ribs are arranged on the two sides and the end faces of the interior of the lifesaving cabin body and are arranged in the cabin body direction, a plurality of vertical plane closed-loop type reinforcing ribs in the cabin body direction and a plurality of annular reinforcing ribs parallel to the cabin body connecting flanges I are arranged on the top surface, the bottom surface and the end faces of the lifesaving cabin body, and the reinforcing ribs in the three directions are staggered to form a closed-loop type reinforcing rib grid structure. According to the closed-loop type mine-used lifesaving cabin body, due to the fact that the reinforcing ribs are of a closed-loop and grid structure, stress is effectively dispersed, and antiknock performance is improved; due to the fact that the structure with the split units is adopted, movement and exchange of the closed-loop type mine-used lifesaving cabin body are convenient, and construction and transport are convenient.

The invention discloses a staggered splicing type steel plate-RPC anti-detonation door and a construction method thereof. According to the anti-detonation door, a cavity formed by a door leaf front side steel plate, a door leaf reverse side steel plate and a plurality of inner ribbed beams is filled with an RPC inner core. The construction method of the anti-detonation door comprises the steps that firstly, the door leaf front side steel plate, the door leaf reverse side steel plate and the inner ribbed beams are manufactured according to the size; secondly, the number of needed steel bars is calculated; thirdly, steel bar holes are formed in the inner ribbed beams in the length direction; fourthly, the door leaf front side steel plate is welded to the odd-number inner ribbed beams, and the door leaf reverse side steel plate is welded to the even-number inner ribbed beams; fifthly, the door leaf front side steel plate and the door leaf reverse side steel plate are spliced in a staggered manner, and the steel bars penetrate the steel bar holes; sixthly, reactive powder concrete is poured in the cavity formed by the door leaf front side steel plate, the door leaf reverse side steel plate and the multiple inner ribbed beams and is standing for 48 h; seventhly, the anti-detonation door is conveyed into a steam curing room at the temperature of 90 DEG C to be cured for 72 h; and eighthly, after 28 days, the RPC and the steel plates are effectively bonded to form the steel plate-RPC anti-detonation door. The staggered splicing type steel plate-RPC anti-detonation door and the construction method thereof are applied to anti-detonation protection projects.

The invention discloses a high-strength, explosionproof and shockproof battery for a new energy automobile, and relates to the field of a new energy automobile battery. The high-strength, explosionproof and shockproof battery comprises a battery box, wherein a box cover is arranged at the top of the battery box in a matching way, a plurality of elastic support devices are arranged at the bottom ofthe battery box, a pipeline type cooling device is arranged at each of two opposite side surfaces of the battery box, a battery module fixing framework is arranged on a bottom surface of the batterybox, and a plurality of elastic buffer devices are arranged on a surface of the box cover. A battery box structure is designed, no cover is arranged, reinforcement ribs cover a peripheral side, a pull-out type battery module fixing framework is arranged in the battery box, the pipeline types cooling devices are arranged at two sides, the box cover is arranged at the top of the battery box in a matching way and is provided with the elastic buffer devices and a fiber cement explosionproof plate, the elastic buffer support devices with elasticity are arranged at the bottom of the battery box, andthe explosion-resistant performance of the new energy automobile battery and the fixing stability of the cooling structure and the battery are improved.

The invention discloses a fuel environment-friendly additive. The fuel additive is prepared from the following components in percent by mass: 18-22 percent of tert-butylferrocene, 0.1 percent of diethanol amine, 12-18 percent of oleic acid, 20-40 percent of solvent oil, 8-16 percent of polyether amine, 6-17 percent of polyoxyethylene ether and 6-18 percent of polybutylene. According to the fuel additive, deposited carbon on the back of an intake valve and in a combustion chamber is decomposed to promote combustion, so that deposits in the combustion chamber can be effectively cleaned, and new deposit generation is inhibited. The fuel additive is safe and environment-friendly in use, and can be used for effectively reducing emission of CO and NOx in vehicles and vessels. Furthermore, the invention relates to energy-saving fuel which is prepared from gasoline and the fuel additive, and the gasoline can be 70# gasoline, 90# gasoline or 93# gasoline.

The invention relates to the technical field of touch screens, in particular to a GF single-layer multi-touch frameless touch screen and a preparation process thereof. The touch screen comprises a tempered glass cover plate, a transparent optical glue layer and an ITO conductive film, wherein the wiring area of an ITO conductive film frame comprises a transverse wiring area arranged at one end of the touch screen, single-layer multi-touch electrode patterns realizing single-end wiring are formed on the ITO conductive film, a FPC (flexible printed circuit) is pressed on the transverse wiring area, an outgoing line of the ITO conductive film is connected with an IC (integrated circuit) chip through the FPC, and the tempered glass cover plate is provided with an anti-explosion layer and an anti-reflective layer. According to the GF single-layer multi-touch frameless touch screen, the FPC is pressed on the transverse wiring area at one end of the touch screen, so that wires are not required to be arranged on longitudinal edges of the touch screen, and a flameless visual effect is realized; the GF single-layer multi-touch frameless touch screen has good photoelectric performance, stability and anti-explosion capacity, FPC pressing only needs to be performed once in the preparation process, the process is simple, the yield of products is high, and the good performance and the production stability of the touch screen can be guaranteed.

Disclosed herein is a control apparatus for a spark-ignition engine that is capable of avoiding knocking at the time of high-load operation. With this control apparatus, a residual-gas suction unit or the like is not used, an exhaust gas does not deteriorate due to injection in a compression stroke, and a thermal efficiency also does not decrease. An engine control apparatus (ECU) 20 is used for the control of a direct-injection type spark-ignition engine. During the high-load operation of the spark-ignition engine, the ECU 20 injects fuel a plurality of times. In addition, the ECU performs first fuel injection toward internal EGR that exists in a combustion chamber of the spark-ignition engine.

The invention discloses a method for recognizing touch points of a touch screen based on laser ranging. The method includes: firstly, adopting a working principle of phase type electro-optical distance measurement to obtain transmitting distances from a transmitting apparatus to each receiving input device; and then calculating coordinates of each receiving input device; switching to a normal touch state after storing the coordinates and completing locating; through each receiving input device, obtaining spatial distances from the transmitting apparatus to touch points, and further, to each receiving input device; after calculating the coordinates of the touch points, transmitting the coordinates of the touch points into a computer system to complete the touch point recognizing. The invention overcomes technology problems of the prior infrared touch screens, such as multiple infrared luminous tubes and infrared receiver tubes, low system stability, complex system debugging, high hardware cost, and the like. Furthermore, the invention has advantages of no hardness mechanical limitation between the laser transmitting apparatus and the laser receiving input device, flexible application environment and mounting environment and better application in touch systems with large size touch requirement.