761results about How to "Improve material performance" patented technology

A method is provided for forming doped hafnium zirconium based films by atomic layer deposition (ALD) or plasma enhanced ALD (PEALD). The method includes disposing a substrate in a process chamber and exposing the substrate to a gas pulse containing a hafnium precursor, a gas pulse containing a zirconium precursor, and a gas pulse containing one or more dopant elements. The dopant elements may be selected from Group II, Group XIII, silicon, and rare earth elements of the Periodic Table. Sequentially after each precursor and dopant gas pulse, the substrate is exposed to a gas pulse containing an oxygen-containing gas, a nitrogen-containing gas, or an oxygen- and nitrogen-containing gas. In alternative embodiments, the hafnium and zirconium precursors may be pulsed together, and either or both may be pulsed with the dopant elements. The sequential exposing steps may be repeated to deposit a doped hafnium zirconium based film with a predetermined thickness.

New composite materials having a high density of small particles, such as hollow microspheres, in a matrix material are disclosed. The microspheres are densely packed in the matrix material such that adjacent microspheres are positioned in contact with each other or very close together. Fiber flanking may be provided on the opposite sides of a layer of a core of composite material having the small particles and matrix material. Also disclosed are methods of making and using the composite materials.

Embodiments in accordance with the thin film write head of the present invention have a lower pole structure, an upper pole structure, and a multilayer write gap extending from an air bearing surface between the upper and lower pole structures. In preferred embodiments, the write gap comprises at least two of: (a) a first layer covering a lower pole tip portion of the lower pole structure, (b) a second layer covering turns of a semiconductor winding, or (c) a third layer covering a winding insulation stack. In more preferred embodiments, the write gap is formed of the first, the second, and the third write gap layers. An advantage of a write head with a multilayer write gap is that it allows better control of write gap thickness. As such, loss of write gap thickness can be compensated for by deposition of the second write gap layers, or by deposition of the third write gap layer. Some embodiments have one or more additional advantages in providing increased corrosion prevention, improving the integrity of conductor insulation, and / or improving the top pole magnetic material characteristics.

Environmentally degradable melt spun fibers comprising a polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer and a polylactic acid polymer or copolymer are disclosed. A preferred configuration of the present invention is directed to environmentally degradable fibers comprising a sheath / core structure where the core comprises a biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer and the sheath comprises a polymer or copolymer of polylactic acid. Nonwoven webs and disposable articles comprising the environmentally degradable fibers are also disclosed.

An apparatus for forming at least one three-dimensional article by fusing parts of a powder bed layer-wise. The apparatus comprising a powder distributor and an energy beam for fusing the powder layer. Said powder distributor comprises a first part being an elongated rod provided movable at a predetermined distance above the powder bed and with its central axis in parallel with a top surface of said work table and second part being a metal foil having at least a first and a second opposite edge portions. Said metal foil is provided between said elongated rod and said work table, said first and second opposite edge portions are attached to said elongated rod so that a distance between said first and second edge portions is smaller than the distance between said first and second edge portions of said metal foil when said metal foil is in a flat position.

The present invention relates to a method for connecting an integrated circuit chip to a circuit substrate. The method includes the step of pre-applying adhesive directly to a bumped side of an integrated circuit chip. The method also includes the steps of removing portions of the adhesive from the tips of the solder bumps to expose a contact surface, and pressing the bumped side of the integrated circuit chip, which has previously been coated with adhesive, against the circuit substrate such that the bumps provide an electrical connection between the integrated circuit chip and the circuit substrate. The adhesive is removed from the tips of the solder bumps using a solvent assisted wiping action. The pre-applied adhesive on the chip forms a bond between the integrated circuit chip and the circuit substrate.

The welding apparatus and associated method are provided. The welding apparatus includes a welding tool for forming a weld joint along the surface of at least one workpiece. The welding apparatus also includes a compression tool for selectively inducing a layer of residual compressive stress in at least a portion of the surface of the weld joint and the surface of the at least one workpiece to thereby improve the material properties of the workpiece, including corrosion resistance and fatigue strength.

The invention relates to a wind turbine blade comprising a number of pre-fabricated strips arranged in a sequence along the outer periphery. The strips consist of a fibrous composite material, preferably carbon fibres, and consist of a wooden material, preferably plywood or wooden fibres held in a cured resin. The advantage is that it is possible to manufacture blades for wind turbines which are very stiff and generally have a high strength, but which nevertheless are easy to manufacture and also is much cheaper to manufacture compared to conventional manufacturing techniques. The invention also relates to methods for manufacturing prefabricated strips and for manufacturing wind turbine blades.

A plasma arc torch that includes a torch body having a nozzle mounted relative to a composite electrode in the body to define a plasma chamber. The torch body includes a plasma flow path for directing a plasma gas to the plasma chamber in which a plasma arc is formed. The nozzle includes a hollow, body portion and a substantially solid, head portion defining an exit orifice. The composite electrode can be made of a metallic material (e.g., silver) with high thermal conductivity in the forward portion electrode body adjacent the emitting surface, and the aft portion of the electrode body is made of a second low cost, metallic material with good thermal and electrical conductivity. This composite electrode configuration produces an electrode with reduced electrode wear or pitting comparable to a silver electrode, for a price comparable to that of a copper electrode.

Method for producing zirconia-reinforced Al2O3 grains, including at least the following steps: inductively melting a starting mixture to form a eutectic melt made of alumina and zirconia; applying the eutectic melt as a thin layer material, the thin layer material being quenched; and removing the thin layer material. In this manner abrasive grains can be formed directly or the thin layer material can be classified when it is broken into abrasive grains, the grains are polycrystalline without amorphous glass phases as an alumina matrix having zirconia precipitations, and at least some of the zirconia precipitations can be formed in the nanoscale range.

A family of materials wherein nanostructures and / or nanotubes are incorporated into a multi-component material arrangement, such as a metallic or ceramic alloy or composite / aggregate, producing a new material or metallic / ceramic alloy. The new material has significantly increased strength, up to several thousands of times normal and perhaps substantially more, as well as significantly decreased weight. The new materials may be manufactured into a component where the nanostructure or nanostructure reinforcement is incorporated into the bulk and / or matrix material, or as a coating where the nanostructure or nanostructure reinforcement is incorporated into the coating or surface of a “normal” substrate material. The nanostructures are incorporated into the material structure either randomly or aligned, within grains, or along or across grain boundaries.

The invention relates to a method for producing three-dimensional molded parts in two method steps and infiltrating the molded part, as well as a material system.

A light-weight composite material with enhanced structural characteristics includes, in one embodiment, a compositionally modulated nanolaminate coating electrically deposited into an open, accessible void structure of a porous substrate. As a result of including a nanolaminate within the void structure, the composite can include a greater amount of nanolaminate material per unit volume than can be achieved by depositing a nanolaminate material solely on a two-dimensional surface. In addition, the nanolaminate material as well as other material electrodeposited to form the composite is compositionally modulated so that discontinuities between layers are minimized and potentially eliminated. The light-weight but structurally enhanced composite material can be used in a number of different applications including, but not limited to, ballistic applications (e.g., armor panels or tank panels), automotive protection applications (e.g., car door panels, racing shells) and sporting equipment applications (e.g., golf club shafts and tennis racket frames).

Methods for producing 3D printing composite polymer materials for use in additive manufacturing processes are provided. The methods result in enhancing the material properties of the printing material by providing a uniform and smooth surface finish of the printing material and the nozzle extrudate for additive manufacturing processes, such as Fused Filament Fabrication. The method includes implementing impregnation techniques for combining carbon nanotubes or other nano-fillers, a polymer resin and a fiber material to produce a polymer material that can be processed into a printing material. Further, the method may include combining the carbon nanotubes or other nano-fillers and the polymer resin to form a masterbatch that may be further combined with the fiber material through an extrusion process. The method results in a printing material with enhanced material properties and smooth surface finish for the printing material and resulting nozzle extrudate for Fused Filament Fabrication.

There is provided a resilient, three dimensional material having fibrous texture and appearance and capable of fluid handling. It consists of a top surface and a bottom surface wherein fiber-like elements typically extend from one surface to the other forming flat to undulating surfaces characterized by a multiplicity of interconnected fluid passageways. Deformed, discontinuous film-like or encapsulated regions connect fiber-like elements and stabilize the material. The material of this invention is unique based on the three principle characteristics which are communicated in this application: 1) ff(ψ)<0.87, 2) SA / VV<186 cm2 / cm3, and 3) caliper<0.150 inches. This material is useful for a number of purposes, such as for use as a liner for personal care products like diapers, absorbent underpants, swim wear, feminine hygiene products, adult incontinence products and the like. The properties of the material may be tailored within the ranges of this invention to deliver optimal material performance for use in specific personal care products.

Novel process for the preparation of finely divided, nano-structured, olivine lithium metal phosphates (LiMPO.sub.4) (where metal M is iron, cobalt, manganese, nickel, vanadium, copper, titanium and mix of them) materials have been developed. This so called Polyol” method consists of heating of suited precursor materials in a multivalent, high-boiling point multivalent alcohol like glycols with the general formula HO—(—C2H4O—).sub.n-H where n=1-10 or HO—(—C3H6O—).sub.n.-H where n=1-10, or other polyols with the general formula HOCH2—(—C3H5OH—).sub.n-H where n=1-10, like for example the tridecane-1,4,7,10,13-pentaol. A novel method for implementing the resulting materials as cathode materials for Li.-ion batteries is also developed.

A bar soap preparation having enhanced antibacterial and microbial properties which contains between 0.1 weight % and 95 weight % of at least one anionic surfactant; and at least one acidifying agent present in an amount sufficient to impart a pH of below 5.0. The bar soap provides microbial protection resulting from its rapid microbicidal action.

Polymeric anion exchangers are used as host materials in which hydrated Fe(III) Oxides (HFO) are irreversibly dispersed within the exchanger beads. Since the anion exchangers have positively charged quaternary ammonium functional groups, anionic ligands such as arsenates, chromates, oxalates, phosphates, phthalates can permeate in and out of the gel phase and are not subjected to the Donnan exclusion effect. Consequently, anion exchanger-supported HFO micro particles exhibit significantly greater capacity to remove arsenic and other ligands in comparison with cation exchanger supports. Loading of HFO particles is carried out by preliminary loading of the anion exchange resin with an oxidizing anion such as MnO4− or OCl−, followed by passage of a Ferrous Sulfate solution through the resin.

The invention discloses a preparation method for graphene aerogel. The method comprises the following steps: preparing an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution containing graphene oxide so as to obtain a graphene oxide dispersion liquid with a concentration of 1 to 10 mg / cm<3>; subjecting the graphene oxide dispersion liquid to freezing in the condition of no higher than minus 196 DEG C so as to obtain a frozen sample; subjecting the frozen sample to freezing and drying so as to obtain a frozen-dried sample; and subjecting the frozen-dried sample in an argon-hydrogen mixed gas environment to high-temperature reduction so as to obtain the required graphene aerogel, wherein the high-temperature reduction comprises the steps of burning at 350 to 450 DEG C for 2 to 3 hours and burning again at 900 to 1100 DEG C for 2 to 3 hours. The preparation method for the graphene aerogel provided by the invention adopts a liquid nitrogen freezing manner to obtain a graphene oxide aerogel precursor, the subsequent segmented high-temperature reduction process is combined, the frozen-dried sample undergoes high-temperature burning at different temperatures, polyvinyl alcohol is removed and graphene oxide is reduced at high temperature, so the graphene aerogel is finally obtained; meanwhile, the graphene aerogel obtained by using the method in the invention has stable structure, good homogeneity and stable material performance.

The present invention provides a process for making uniform carbon-coated LiMPO4 powders for use as a cathode material in lithium ion batteries. In one embodiment, the process comprises synthesizing a LiMPO4 powder. The process further comprises coating a carbonaceous coating on to the LiMPO4 powder to form a coated LiMPO4 powder. Additionally, the process comprises carbonizing the coated LiMPO4 powder.

The present invention relates to a composite insulation material. The composite insulation material includes a syntactic foam component and a plurality of aerogel inserts. The present invention also relates to a method of making a composite insulation material. The present invention further relates to a method for enhancing the flexibility of a solid material.

The invention provides a process for producing high molecular composite wood-plastic materials by using straws of agricultural plants, belonging to a process for utilizing the straws of agricultural plants. The process is that the straws of agricultural plants are crushed and dried, then the achieved straw powder is processed soakage treatment, and then modified straw powder is achieved after being dried, further dry powder is achieved by processing high-speed mixing and cooling mixing to the modified straw powder and other raw materials of which the plastic is the main material, and then the dry powder is squeezed out to produce grains, the materials after producing grains are squeezed out and shaped, consequently high molecular composite wood-plastic materials are manufactured. Owing to the process of the high molecular composite wood-plastic materials, the sound adhesion between the plant fibers existed in the straw powder after being processed superficial treatment by a plurality of modifiers, and plastics can be truly realized and the perfect property of materials can be achieved.

The method and apparatus for performing the method of forming a weld joint of the present invention utilizes welding apparatus (100) having welded tool (102) and a compression tool (106) for inducing a layer of residual compressive stress along the surface of the weld line (18) and any heat affected regions with a controlled amount of cold working and surface hardening. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the compression tool (106) utilizes a single-point burnishing process to provide deep compression within the weld joint (20) with a minimal amount of cold working and surface hardening.

A thermoelectric device having at least one unipolar couple element (22) including two legs (22a) of a same electrical conductivity type. A first-temperature stage (24) is connected to one of the two legs. A second-temperature stage (28) is connected across the legs of the at least one unipolar couple element. A third-temperature stage (30) is connected to the other of the two legs. Methods for cooling an object and for thermoelectric power conversion utilize the at least one unipolar couple element to respectively cool an object and produce electrical power.

According to typical inventive practice, a first metallic material is poured into a mold including a bottom inside surface having regularly arrayed rises (truncated spherical convexities). The molten first metallic material cools and solidifies to include a surface correspondingly having regularly arrayed dents (truncated spherical concavities). The resultant “inner casting” is removed from and repositioned in the mold so that the inner casting's dent-laden surface faces upward. Ceramic spheres are placed in the dents. A second metallic material (having a higher melting point than the first metallic material) is poured into the mold with the inner casting and spheres in place. The molten second metallic material cools and solidifies as an “outer casting” surrounding the inner casting and the spheres. The resultant integral armor structure includes the inner casting, the outer casting, and the spheres, each sphere embedded partially in the inner casting and partially in the outer casting.

The invention relates to a constant temperature fine-forging technique process used for the aluminum alloy parts with different shapes. The invention is mainly characterized in that constant temperature blank forging, die pre-forging, corrode-washing, fine forging of dies, heat treatment and re-corrode washing, etc. processes are adopted under a given temperature to enlarge the internal density of the parts and optimize the fiber direction and distribution of the inner construction of the parts, so as to enhance the strength and improve the appearance quality of the parts. The invention can enhance machining efficiency, reduce machining cost and conserve precious materials. The invention can enhance the compound capability of the materials of parts.