The invention discloses an artificial wetland sewage treatment system, which comprises a sedimentation tank, an aeration tank, a microelectrolysis packing drum, a first reaction tank, a second reaction tank, a third reaction tank, a water collection tank and a control system in sequential arrangement from left to right. The first reaction tank, the second reaction tank, the third reaction tank andthe water collection tank are arranged sequentially from left to right; each of the first reaction tank, the second reaction tank and the third reaction tank comprises a heat insulation layer, a gravel packing layer, a mud-free grit packing layer, a zeolite base material layer, a coal ash base material layer, lower partition plates, an anti-permeation membrane and upper partition plates. The artificial wetland sewage treatment system has advantages that quick discharging of precipitates and segmental combined treatment can be realized, and excellent nitrogen and phosphorus removal effects areachieved.