The invention discloses a supercontinuum pulse laser measurement device based on a nonlinear nano material and a method. According to the invention, a 1/2 waveplate, a polarized light splitting device, an electric stepping motor, a first high reflection mirror, a second high reflection mirror, a third high reflection mirror, a laser line light filter, a focusing lens, a photonic crystal optical fiber, a collimating lens, a light filter, a fourth high reflection mirror, a fifth high reflection mirror, an achromatic focusing lens, the nonlinear nano material, a collection focusing lens, a spectrometer and a PC; the optical distance of a detection optical path is changed by an optical delay system, and an excitation optical path transmits supercontinuum pulse laser; through the laser line light filter, excitation-detection optical paths are integrated and are converged to the nano material through a focusing system, so as to excite sum frequency spectrums; and through a mobile stepping motor, the sum frequency spectrums are synchronously detected, and the characteristics of a supercontinuum laser pulse are completely detected.