The invention discloses an efficient cultivation device for agricultural seedling culture. The efficient cultivation device for agricultural seedling culture comprises a water tank base, a cultivation box is mounted on the top surface of the water tank base, support frames are symmetrically mounted on two sides in the cultivation box, water pipe frames are slidably embedded between the two support frames at equal intervals, water nozzles are mounted on the bottom surfaces of the water pipe frames at equal intervals, switching cylinders are mounted on the top surfaces of the water pipe frames at equal intervals, sliding cylinders are slidably embedded into the switching cylinders, water passing holes are formed in the top surfaces of the sliding cylinders at equal intervals, insecticide can be placed through a feeding cylinder, seedlings are uniformly sprayed through the water nozzles, branches and leaves of the seedlings are deinsectized, nutrients and moisture can be supplemented to root systems through insertion pipes, the utilization rate of fertilizers is increased, the device can efficiently and comprehensively cultivate the seedlings, the seedling cultivation effect is better, springs support clamping plates to limit driving rods, the situation that insertion pipes fall off and automatically slide into soil to affect taking out of a cultivation table is avoided, and through cooperation of insertion cones and spiral blocking pieces, fertilizers can better permeate into the soil conveniently.