The invention discloses a cold storage cavern device for grain dust removal and freshness preservation, and belongs to the field of grain storage devices. The device comprises a storage cabinet, a quantitative feeding mechanism, a grain drying mechanism and a dust removal mechanism, wherein the grain drying mechanism and the dust removal mechanism are arranged inside the storage cabinet, a refrigerating chamber is arranged at the lower section inside the storage cabinet, a feeding box is arranged at the top of the storage cabinet, the grain drying mechanism comprises a drying assembly, a material turning assembly and a pouring assembly, the material turning assembly comprises a supporting table, a material turning component and a material turning box, the material turning box is provided with a vent hole, and the material turning box is provided with a material discharging nozzle. According to the device, by means of the dust removal mechanism, the dust removal operation can be carriedout on grains on a vibration plate and a material guide slide way, by means of the grain drying mechanism, the material turning operation can be carried out on the grains, and the situation that thegrains are not dried locally is avoided, and by means of the pouring assembly, the grains can be poured so as to enable the grains to fall onto the material guide slide way.