The invention relates to a multi-segment series connection coaxial wheel type mixing extrusion device. The multi-segment series connection coaxial wheel type mixing extrusion device comprises a special-shaped machine barrel, a heat-resisting sealing ring, a conical threaded rod, an extrusion machine head, a first radial bearing set, a second radial bearing set, a third radial bearing set, a hopper, a baffle, a first transmission mechanism, a second transmission mechanism, a first motor, a second motor, a transition gear, a base, a first gear, a second gear, a third gear, a first thrust bearing, a second thrust bearing and a third thrust bearing. The mixing extrusion device is characterized by further comprising a first rotary wheel, a second rotary wheel and a third rotary wheel; a center screw channel set is arranged on a conical wheel of the conical threaded rod, an end face screw channel set is arranged on the left end face of the first rotary wheel, and a first outer circumference screw channel set, a second outer circumference screw channel set and a third outer circumference screw channel set are arranged on screw wheels of the first rotary wheel, the second rotary wheel and the third rotary wheel respectively; the first outer circumference screw channel set, the second outer circumference screw channel set and the third outer circumference screw channel set are sequentially in series connection; the right end of the third outer circumference screw channel set is communicated with the hopper, and the left end of the first outer circumference screw channel set is communicated with the end face screw groove set; the end face screw groove set is communicated with the center screw groove set, and the left end of the center screw groove set is communicated with a through hole of the extrusion machine head; and thus, smashing, grinding, extruding, mixing and conveying passageways for materials are formed. The plastifying performance, the mixing capacity and the grinding and pressing capacity of the device are high, and the plastifying and mixing quality and the yield of the materials are improved.