The invention provides a preparation method of alkali-proof vulcanized fluororubber. The preparation method includes steps of (1), adding water, emulsifiers and pH (potential of hydrogen) modifiers in a reactor; (2), adding polymerized monomers; (3), starting a stirring device, increasing temperature to be 70-120 DEG C, and adding initiators and chain transfer agents so as to start polymerization reaction; (4), adding residual polymerized monomers in batches, and stopping reaction after all the polymerized monomers are added so as to obtain polymerized emulsion; (5), coagulating, washing and drying the polymerized emulsion to obtain fluororubber; and (6), vulcanizing the fluororubber obtained in the step (5) so as to obtain the vulcanized fluororubber. The preparation method is simple in operation and requires mild reaction conditions. The structure of the fluororubber is controlled effectively by means of regulating structures of the monomers, changing reaction temperatures and the like, so that peroxide, namely the alkali-proof vulcanized fluororubber, is prepared. The prepared vulcanized fluororubber with high Mooney viscosity also has good curability and good oil resistance and can be applied to various industrial fields.