70 results about "Fluorescence Spectrophotometry" patented technology

A digital-physical twin system and method for environmental process modeling and forecasting are disclosed. The system includes a digital twin server configured to receive environmental data from a real-world environment, including hyperspectral and spectroscopic imaging, simulate environmental process transitions using a predictive model based on the environmental data, and generate parameters for a physical experiment designed to validate or refine the predictive model. A physical twin device, comprising a scaled and instrumented representation of the real-world environment, is configured to execute the physical experiment under controlled conditions. Experimental data is returned to the digital twin to iteratively refine the predictive model in a closed-loop learning cycle using self-supervised and reinforcement learning. The system supports spatially-spectrally selective experimentation, including fluorescence spectroscopy, to enhance environmental sensing. This architecture enables scalable, sample-efficient modeling of processes such as post-wildfire hydrology, vegetation regrowth, and soil change.

The invention relates to a gallium oxide defect detection method. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, obtaining exciting light with a proper wavelength; 2, modulating the exciting light obtained in the step 1 so as to enable the exciting light to accurately enter a microscope system with proper energy; 3, irradiating the modulated exciting light to a gallium oxide sample on an electric displacement table through a microscope system, collecting fluorescence generated after the gallium oxide sample is excited through the microscope system, and transmitting the fluorescence to a spectrograph system to obtain a corresponding fluorescence spectrogram under a preset single pixel point position; and 4, setting a spectrograph system to collect the fluorescence intensity under a specific wavelength, and driving the gallium oxide sample to move through an electric displacement table so as to scan the fluorescence intensity of all pixel point positions in a sample detection range, thereby obtaining a gallium oxide defect fluorescence intensity imaging graph in the sample detection range. The method has the advantage of high sensitivity, can realize rapid nondestructive detection, and also reduces the detection cost at the same time.

The invention provides an urban rainwater pipe network mixed connection tracing method based on a pollution source fluorescence spectrum library in combination with machine learning. The method relates to the fields of numerous pollution sources around a pipe network, complex mixing and connecting conditions and the like. The method comprises the following steps: sampling through an inspection well to obtain a water sample; extracting an organic matter multi-dimensional characteristic matrix from the water sample by adopting technologies such as three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (EEM) and the like; and carrying out fluorescence data analysis on the multi-dimensional characteristic matrix by using an NPLSDA (N-Way Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis) model, carrying out comparative analysis and identification, and determining the source of the pollution source. According to the technology, the specific source of mixed connection sewage of the rainwater pipe network can be quickly diagnosed through mixed connection rainwater well sampling analysis, and efficient and convenient decision support is provided for mixed connection transformation and traceability investigation of the urban rainwater pipe network.

The application discloses a kind of full-automatic high-throughput space-time resolution fluorescence spectrum imaging system and method, it is related to fluorescence signal spectrum field, including: workbench, sample stage, objective, for preloading sample stage with sample and placing it on workbench on mechanical arm sample inlet module, for laser beam to the output module of picosecond pulse laser of objective, for simultaneously collecting the spectral data and dynamic data of fluorescence signal generated after sample is focused by laser beam fluorescence signal detection module and control module;Sample stage and objective are sequentially spaced apart on workbench along the vertical direction from top to bottom;Mechanical arm sample inlet module, picosecond pulse laser output module and fluorescence signal detection module are respectively connected with control module communication.This application can realize the simultaneous acquisition of spectral data and dynamic data of fluorescence signal automatically.

This invention discloses a method for quantitative analysis of multiple components in oxidized slag based on X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, belonging to the field of industrial process detection technology. The method includes: acquiring the raw energy spectrum data of a standard oxidized slag sample and the oxidized slag sample to be tested, and performing background subtraction and smoothing noise reduction; extracting the integral intensity of the characteristic peaks of target elements, establishing spectral interference correction relationships and matrix effect compensation relationships; establishing regression prediction models and residual compensation models for each target oxide based on the compensated characteristic intensities; inputting the characteristics of the sample to be tested into the models, and outputting the final predicted values ​​of each target oxide; improving the accuracy of feature information extraction in the multi-component system of oxidized slag, reducing errors caused by spectral overlap, excitation effects, and matrix effects, and improving the accuracy, result stability, and prediction consistency of quantitative analysis of multiple target oxides under different sample conditions, making it suitable for rapid detection and analysis of complex oxidized slag samples.

The invention discloses a sulfur-nitrogen co-doped carbon quantum dot modified polyaspartic acid derivative as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The derivative is prepared by taking citric acid and L-cysteine as precursors, synthesizing sulfur-nitrogen co-doped carbon quantum dots (SN-CDs) with rich functional groups on the surface by adopting a hydrothermal method, and introducing the sulfur-nitrogen co-doped carbon quantum dots into a side chain of polyaspartic acid (PASP) through graft copolymerization. The derivative not only retains the complexing ability of polyaspartic acid with metal ions such as calcium and magnesium, but also has excellent scale and corrosion inhibition performance; the optical characteristics of the carbon quantum dots are inherited, and stable fluorescence can be emitted under the excitation of specific wavelength, so that in-situ and real-time concentration monitoring in an industrial circulating cooling water system by utilizing a fluorescence spectrum technology is supported. The product does not contain phosphorus, is environment-friendly, conforms to the development trend of a green water treatment technology, and provides an innovative material solution for intelligent monitoring and fine management of a circulating water system while improving the comprehensive performance of scale and corrosion inhibition.

The invention discloses a method for simulating phosphorus and chromium migration during farmland irrigation with acid mine wastewater, which comprises the following steps: mixing a plant-derived organic material with deionized water to obtain a soluble organic matter; h2O2 oxidizes Fe < 2 + > to prepare pure Schwertmannite, and the pure Schwertmannite is placed in a phosphate solution to obtain phosphorus-loaded Schwertmannite; mixing the phosphorus-loaded Schwertmannite and the soluble organic matter with a chromate solution, carrying out oscillation adsorption, carrying out solid-liquid separation after adsorption, carrying out CrO and POconcentration change test on filtrate, and carrying out mineral characterization on separated solids; a three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum is adopted to track composition conversion of the soluble organic matter in the reaction process; and analyzing the component change of the supernate before and after the reaction by adopting Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The influence mechanism of DOM on phosphorus and chromium fate in mineral / water interface molecular fractionation is disclosed from the molecular level, and a scientific basis is provided for collaborative migration risk assessment of phosphorus and heavy metal in acid mine wastewater irrigation area farmland.

The present application relates to a perovskite test device and a battery production system. The perovskite test device comprises a box body (100), an object placement platform (200), a first test mechanism (300) and a second test mechanism (400); the object placement platform (200) is arranged in the box body (100) and is used for placement of a sample; the first test mechanism (300) is used for emitting first test light, and acquiring the fluorescence spectrum of the first test light passing through the sample; the second test mechanism (400) is used for emitting second test light, and acquiring absorption and scattering spectra of the second test light passing through the sample. The battery production system comprises the perovskite test device. With regard to the perovskite test device and the battery production system, the test device meets different spectral test requirements, simplified design of the overall structure of the test device is facilitated, and the space utilization rate of the test device is optimized.

The application provides a method for detecting the content of each component in a mixture, which is mixed by various inorganic raw materials, and comprises the following steps: step 1, grinding, mixing and uniformly taking a certain amount of each of the to-be-detected substance and various raw materials thereof as samples; step 2, heating and calcining each sample to obtain the ignition loss value of each sample, and then performing a melting sheet treatment on each sample; step 3, using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to measure each sample after the melting sheet treatment, combining the corresponding ignition loss value, obtaining the oxide content in the to-be-detected substance and various raw materials thereof, and obtaining the oxide content corresponding to the to-be-detected substance and various raw materials thereof and the characteristic spectrum; and step 4, according to the oxide content and the characteristic spectrum of the to-be-detected substance and various raw materials thereof, analyzing the content of each raw material in the to-be-detected substance by spectrum fitting and least square method algorithm. The application can quickly and accurately detect the component content of mixtures such as cement and soil, and confirm whether the product is qualified.

The invention relates to an element content test method, which comprises: determining a final calibration curve, which is a curve for reflecting the relationship between the fluorescence intensity of a target metal element in a metal liquid sample to be tested and the content of a corresponding target metal element in a precursor prepared from the metal liquid sample to be tested; the method comprises the following steps: measuring a to-be-measured molten metal sample through X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to obtain the fluorescence intensity corresponding to each metal element, and obtaining the content of each metal element in a precursor obtained from the to-be-measured molten metal sample according to the fluorescence intensity. According to the method, whether the metal content in the product meets the process requirement or not can be judged by detecting the metal content in the precursor molten metal, the detection efficiency is improved, and the yield of the product is increased.

The invention provides a fluorescent anti-forgery ink luminescence effect characterization and quality control method, which comprises the following steps: adding a fluorescence correction agent into a solvent for constant volume, and preparing a standard solution; coating the printing ink on the surface of paper or dispersing the printing ink into a solvent to prepare a color developing sample or a solvent dispersing sample; respectively detecting and analyzing the ink sample and the fluorescence correction agent standard solution by adopting a fluorescence spectrophotometer, and correcting the fluorescence spectrum peak of the ink sample based on the response of the fluorescence correction agent to obtain a sample correction spectrogram; and constructing a quality control interval of the fluorescence response of the ink sample by taking the fluorescence response in the correction spectrogram of the series of ink samples as a data point, and evaluating the quality of a subsequent to-be-detected sample. The invention provides a sample preparation, correction and quality control method of a fluorescent anti-counterfeiting ink luminescence effect characterization system for the first time, provides a quantitative evaluation mode for fluorescent anti-counterfeiting, and solves the problems of poor visual observation accuracy and large subjective influence.

A laser-induced Raman and fluorescence spectroscopic test system includes a laser module, a harmonic beamsplitter, a frequency-doubling crystal, a first cavity mirror, a sample cell, a second cavity mirror, and a spectroscopic detection unit. A laser beam output by the laser module sequentially passes through the harmonic beamsplitter, the frequency-doubling crystal, and the first cavity mirror. Two sides of the harmonic beamsplitter are plated with a highly transmissive film and a highly reflective film, and the harmonic beamsplitter reflects a laser beam of a required wavelength to the sample cell. The second cavity mirror is configured for returning a laser beam from the sample cell. The harmonic beamsplitter, the first cavity mirror, the second focusing lens, and the second cavity mirror form a dual-beam waist laser resonator cavity. The first cavity mirror and the second cavity mirror are spherical mirrors and are plated with different highly reflective films.

The invention relates to an underground water nitrogen metabolism function prediction and regulation method based on a three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum and automatic machine learning. The method comprises the following steps: collecting underground water microbial gene sequencing serial numbers in literatures and fluorescence emission spectrum data of corresponding water samples; according to the obtained gene sequencing data serial number, downloading microbial gene sequencing data, and carrying out normalization processing on required emission spectrum data; selecting a functional gene reflecting underground water nitrogen metabolism capability and calculating relative abundance; and constructing a machine learning model of underground water nitrogen metabolism. The selected optimal model can accurately predict and understand underground water nitrogen metabolism, reveal the influence of DOM fluorescence properties on an underground water ecosystem, and can be used for predicting the underground water microorganism nitrogen metabolism function of an unknown area.

The invention relates to the technical field of biological detection, and discloses a method for detecting abnormal sugar chain glycoprotein, which comprises the following steps: by taking lectin modified magnetic nanoparticles as a capture probe, constructing a double-recognition system by combining a fluorescently-labeled sugar chain recognition antibody; the accurate quantification of the abnormal sugar chain glycoprotein is realized through magnetic separation and enrichment, fluorescence signal amplification and fluorescence spectrophotometry detection. The method comprises the steps of capture probe preparation, sample pretreatment, targeted capture and magnetic separation, fluorescence labeling, signal detection and result analysis. The detection limit can reach 0.05 ng / mL, the recovery rate is high, normal sugar chain glycoprotein and abnormal sugar chain glycoprotein can be effectively distinguished, and the method has the advantages of being high in specificity, high in sensitivity, easy and convenient to operate, rapid in detection and the like, is suitable for clinical disease screening, prognosis monitoring and batch detection of abnormal sugar chain glycoprotein in biological samples, and has wide application prospects.

The invention relates to a device (1) for analyzing a heterogeneous sample (S), the device (1) comprising a measurement module (100) having a reservoir (110) configured to contain the sample (S), a first infrared spectroscopy subassembly (120) and a second fluorescence spectroscopy subassembly (130). The first subassembly comprises a diffusing optical element (140) positioned to allow reliable infrared spectroscopy measurements with high precision without degrading fluorescence spectroscopy measurements occurring on the same sample. The device further comprises a processing module (200) connected to the measurement module (100) by a communication network (300) and comprising a processor (220) configured to analyze data obtained by infrared spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy.

We provide an apparatus for analyzing heterogeneous samples. [Solution] The apparatus comprises a reservoir 110 configured to contain a sample, and a measurement module 100 having a first infrared spectroscopy subassembly and a second fluorescence spectroscopy subassembly. The first subassembly includes a diffusive optical element 140 positioned to enable highly accurate and reliable infrared spectroscopy measurements without degrading fluorescence spectroscopy measurements performed on the same sample. The apparatus further comprises a processing module 200 connected to the measurement module 100 by a communication network and equipped with a processor configured to analyze data obtained by infrared spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy.

This invention discloses a nanosheet Tb-MOF fluorescence sensor for detecting Al in phosphogypsum and red mud. 3+ The detection application utilizes Tb(NO3)3·5H2O and H4BTTC as raw materials, with benzoic acid as a modifier, to prepare a Tb-BTTC MOF fluorescent sensor with a nanosheet structure and benzothiadiazole functionalization using a microwave-assisted synthesis method. This material can be used as a fluorescent sensor to detect Al in phosphogypsum and red mud. 3+ This invention utilizes highly selective, "on"-type fluorescence enhancement detection, accompanied by a significant blue shift (approximately 10 nm), with a fluorescence spectroscopy detection limit of 0.065 μM. It constructs an intelligent sensing platform integrating a smartphone and a portable UV lamp, achieving Al2O3 detection through fluorescence color and RGB analysis. 3+ The rapid on-site quantitative detection method can be applied to the rapid and visual detection of aluminum ions in solid wastes such as red mud and phosphogypsum, providing new materials and methods for the real-time and portable detection of aluminum ions in red mud and phosphogypsum.

This invention discloses a multi-mode non-destructive testing method and system for turbine blades, relating to the field of non-destructive testing technology for aero-engine and gas turbine turbine blades. Addressing the problems of isolated and spatially uncorrelated data from existing fluorescence penetrant testing, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction testing, which makes it difficult to quantitatively assess the risk of penetration coupled with surface defects and residual stress, this invention uses the three-dimensional point cloud of the turbine blade as a benchmark to achieve pixel-level spatial registration of the three types of testing data. By calculating the distance from the bottom of the surface defect to the high-stress zone and combining it with a safety threshold dynamically correlated with the material's fracture toughness and residual stress peak value, the invention automatically and quantitatively determines the penetration risk and outputs quality conclusions based on multi-modal features. It can also automatically generate laser repair paths and G-codes. This invention significantly improves testing accuracy and efficiency, forming an intelligent closed loop of testing and repair, and is suitable for turbine blade manufacturing quality assessment and service life prediction.

The invention relates to a water quality detection system, which comprises: a first light source, which is used for irradiating a water sample to be detected in a water body sample pool with light with a wavelength range covering ultraviolet and visible light regions; the second light source is used for exciting the to-be-detected water sample to generate emitted light; the spectrum detector is used for receiving a fluorescence spectrum of the emitted light and receiving an ultraviolet visible spectrum of the transmitted light related to the first light source; the data processing equipment is used for controlling the first light source and the second light source to emit light at different time slices and calculating the water quality index of the water sample to be detected based on the fluorescence spectrum and the ultraviolet visible spectrum. Therefore, different light sources can be used for irradiating a water sample to be detected at different time slices through the water quality detection system, the collected spectrums are free from interference, and meanwhile, each spectrum can focus on different states of material components, so that the components of pollutants in water are detected as much as possible, and the detection accuracy of the water quality detection system is improved. And the precision of subsequent water quality index analysis is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of medicine quality safety detection, and relates to a rapid and high-sensitivity detection method for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and derivatives thereof in traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The structural formula of the fluorescent probe is shown in the specification. The fluorescent probe (SO2P1) provided by the invention has weak fluorescence in a DMF-PBS (Dimethyl Formamide-Phosphate Buffer Solution) solution system, and can be subjected to specific nucleophilic addition reaction with the probe SO2P1 by utilizing the nucleophilicity of sulfur dioxide and derivatives thereof to generate a product with strong fluorescence, so that specific selection and quantitative detection of sulfur dioxide are realized. Recognition characteristics of the probe SO2P1 and common active small molecules in a DMF-PBS solution system are researched through a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The probe SO2P1 has good specific selectivity on sulfur dioxide and strong anti-interference performance, and has a wide pH value application range. The lowest detection limit of the probe on sulfur dioxide is 0.85 mu M, and the probe has a wide application prospect in the field of quality safety of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

This invention discloses a multi-point online inspection system and method for liquid components based on XRF detection. In this system, multiple sampling mechanisms are installed at various designated points corresponding to the liquid tanks to be tested, used to extract and temporarily store liquid from the tanks. An inspection robot carries a liquid component detection unit and moves to the target location according to inspection commands issued by a central control computer. A sample cup positioning structure ensures precise alignment between the liquid component detection unit and the sample cup. The liquid component detection unit performs component detection on the liquid temporarily stored in the sample cup using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The central control computer communicates with the liquid component detection unit, the inspection robot, and the sampling mechanisms, issuing inspection and sampling commands. This invention integrates X-ray fluorescence detection technology, robot movement technology, and automatic sampling technology to achieve automated, rapid, and accurate detection of liquid components at multiple points in the smelting process.

1. Name of the product in this design: Water Quality Early Warning and Source Tracing Analyzer (Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Synchronous Absorption). 2. Purpose of this design: For use in a water quality monitoring device based on three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy technology. 3. The key design features of this product are the combination of the overall shape and pattern of the product. 4. The image or photograph that best illustrates the design's key points: 3D view 1.

Method for detecting a viral agent, comprising the steps of : providing a sample to be analysed in liquid form; introducing one or more antibodies labelled with one or more fluorophores, said antibodies being configured to selectively bind with one or more proteins of an outer membrane of the viral agent; eliminating unbound labelled antibodies; exposing the s amp 1 e to electromagnetic radiation; detecting a fluorescence response emitted by the labelled antibodies; and detecting the viral agent on the basis of the detected fluorescence response.

This invention discloses an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectroscopy detection device with intelligent switching between automatic and manual modes. The device includes: a main unit comprising a body, a controller housed within the body, and an operation screen connected to the controller; a sample carrier at the top of the body; an automatic sample feeding box for loading samples and mounting them on the sample carrier; and a manual sample feeding box for loading samples and mounting them on the sample carrier. The controller identifies whether the sample feeding box or the manual sample feeding box is mounted on the carrier, determines the automatic or manual sampling mode based on the identification result, and displays the corresponding mode's operation interface on the operation screen. According to this embodiment of the spectroscopy detection device, manual and automatic modes are integrated and can be automatically switched, achieving intelligent automatic detection and improving detection efficiency.

This invention relates to spectroscopic technology, specifically providing a method for oil analysis in water based on the fusion of ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, comprising the following steps: A1. Obtaining oil samples of different types and concentrations, and obtaining the corresponding ultraviolet absorption spectra and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra; A2. Expanding the three-dimensional fluorescence data and ultraviolet absorption spectral data, corresponding to the excitation wavelength, and stitching the two together to obtain the fused spectrum, with absorbance as a separate column; A3. Decomposing the fused spectrum X and the dependent variable matrix Y; obtaining a set of T and U with the maximum covariance, thereby obtaining the model B=(T T T) ‑1 T T U; A4. Obtain a water sample, obtain the corresponding fusion spectrum according to A1 and A2, and use the model to obtain Y, thereby determining the type of oil in the water and the corresponding concentration. This invention has advantages such as accuracy.

A resin particle having a parent particle containing a biodegradable resin, wherein the amount of alkali metal atoms A present in the surface of the resin particle relative to the total amount of atoms present in the surface of the resin particle, measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the amount of alkali metal atoms B present in the resin particle relative to the total amount of atoms present in the resin particle, measured by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, satisfy the relationship 0 ≤ (A / B) < 0.15 and 0.005 atomic% ≤ B ≤ 0.5 atomic%.

The present invention provides a method and system for collecting fluorescence spectral data by ultraviolet light, and a medium. The method includes: ultraviolet light irradiation: irradiating a first area by the ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 300-390 nm; signal collection: obtaining a fluorescence radiation signal that comprises the fluorescence spectral data and that is emitted by the first area when excited, and performing imaging, to obtain an image; and spectral data collection: selecting a data collection point from the image, substituting a grayscale value of the data collection point into a spectrum reconstruction algorithm, and obtaining the fluorescence spectral data through calculation, where a peak value of a spectral line of the fluorescence spectral data is within 400-800 nm. According to the technical solution in this application, peaks of spectral data of different analytes can be kept within a recognizable range of an imaging spectral detection apparatus.

Various methods and systems for monitoring one or more characteristics of a fluid in a mechanical device are disclosed herein. In at least one embodiment, the system includes an optical sensor including an excitation light aperture and an emission light aperture. The excitation light aperture transmits an excitation light to the fluid and the emission light aperture receives an emission light from the fluid. The system may further include an inductive sensor including a printed circuit board including a first field coil trace, a second field coil trace, and a sense coil trace. The methods disclosed include transmitting the excitation light to the fluid; receiving the emission light from the fluid; and operating a processor to obtain one or more fluorescence spectra based on the received emission light; and determine a fluid condition indicator and / or a remaining useful life of the fluid based on the one or more fluorescence spectra.

The invention relates to a portable in-situ self-scanning multispectral microscopic spectrum system. The system comprises a multispectral microscopic spectrum measurement module, a movable self-supporting structure, a microscopic objective lens assembly and an objective lens scanning mechanism which are integrated; wherein the multispectral microscopic spectrum measurement module is used for realizing excitation and signal acquisition of multiple spectrum modes, and the spectrum modes comprise but are not limited to fluorescence spectrum, Raman spectrum and white light absorption spectrum; the microscope objective assembly is used as a unified in-situ optical interface, so that measurement of different spectrum functions is completed in the same light path and the same space coordinate system; the objective lens scanning mechanism is used for driving the microscope objective lens assembly to perform scanning movement in at least two space directions, so that multispectral space scanning measurement is realized under the condition that a measured object is kept relatively static, and state disturbance and measurement errors caused by moving a sample through an objective table traditionally are avoided; and the movable self-supporting structure is used for quickly deploying and keeping the system stable in different use scenes.

The invention discloses a method for determining the ash content of plastic by combining an X-ray fluorescence spectrum with a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, which comprises the following steps: selecting resin, and determining a carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen content standard curve of the resin by using the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. The method comprises the following steps: selecting recycled plastics with different ash contents as standard samples, determining the contents of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen elements of the recycled plastics, determining the content of all elements of the plastics by using an X-ray luminoscope, taking the carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen of the recycled plastics as equilibrium phases to participate in calculation, and calculating the ash contents of the recycled plastics according to a basic parameter method to obtain the theoretical ash content of the plastics. And fitting the theoretical ash content and the actual ash content function. Measuring the content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen elements in a to-be-measured sample, scanning the fluorescence spectrum of the to-be-measured sample, calculating the theoretical ash content, and correcting the theoretical ash content by using a function. The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is suitable for determination of light elements, the X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is suitable for determination of heavy elements, the advantages of the two are combined, and the determination accuracy of the ash content in the plastic is improved.