The invention relates to the application areas of organic chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry and medicine, and particularly discloses hydroxamic acid. The hydroxamic acid compound has a structure shown in Formula I, wherein R is selected from a substituted benzene ring, a heterocyclic ring, a substituted heterocyclic ring, a benzoheterocyclic ring or a substituted benzoheterocyclic ring, wherein the substitution refers to that 1-n hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring, heterocyclic ring or benzoheterocyclic ring are substituted by the following groups: halogen, amino, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, alkoxy, aminoalkyl, alkylamino, sulfoalkyl, perfluoroalkyl, perfluoroalkoxy, amido or alkoxycarbonyl. According to the invention, the hydroxamic acid compound achieves the purpose of treating neoplastic diseases by regulating histone deacetylase; the hydroxamic acid compound has anti-proliferation effect on tumor cells, influences cell cycle arrest and induces cell apoptosis; and above all, the anti-proliferation effect on lung cancer cell strains is obviously improved in comparison with the effect of a positive control drug SAHA (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid).