The application discloses a bar code scanning chip and scanning method. The bar code scanning chip comprises a photoelectric detector, a signal processing module, a feedback system, a decoder system,a controller and an interface module, wherein the photoelectric detector is connected with the signal processing module, the signal processing module is sequentially connected with the decoder systemand the controller to form a scanning branch, the signal processing module is connected with the feedback system to form a feedback branch, and the feedback system acts on the photoelectric detector and is used for acquiring the noise equivalent power of photoelectric signals collected by the photoelectric detector and applying a bias voltage to the photoelectric detector according to the noise equivalent power. According to the scheme of the application, the feedback system is additionally arranged, the noise equivalent power of the photoelectric signals is calculated through the feedback system, and the bias voltage is applied to the photoelectric detector according to the calculated noise equivalent power, so that a signal-to-noise ratio can be improved, the light response rate and thebrightness of collected light can also be ensured, and the efficiency and accuracy of code scanning can be further improved.