The invention relates to a backpack medlar picking machine, and is characterized in that the picking machine comprises a backpack box, wherein a strap is tied up on the outside of the backpack box, and a fruit collecting box, an electric suction fan and a storage battery are arranged in the backpack box; the suction opening of the electric suction fan is communicated with the fruit collecting box, the inlet of the fruit collecting box is connected with a soft suction pipe, the periphery of other end of the soft suction pipe is connected with a handle, the upper part of the front end of the handle is provided with two upper fixing plates at intervals, and correspondingly, the lower part of the handle is provided with two lower fixing plates at intervals; a roller driven by a roller electric motor is arranged between each fixing plate and each lower fixing plate, soft brushes are arranged on the two rollers respectively, and a gap which faces the mouth of the soft suction pipe is kept between the two rollers. A manually operated switch is arranged at the handle and is connected with the electric suction fan, the roller electric motor and the storage battery. The backpack medlar picking machine utilizes an air suction pipeline and a roller structure to separate medlar fruits and fruit branches, so that damage to branches and leaves is reduced.