The invention discloses a cuttage seedling culture method of photinia serrulata. The method includes the steps of 1, preparing a seedbed, wherein a single plastic greenhouse with an external shading net is adopted for cuttage, the seedbed is made after the ground in the greenhouse is leveled, baffles are arranged around the seedbed, ultraviolet lamps are evenly arranged at the top in the plastic greenhouse, a cuttage medium is prepared from camellia seed husk powder, folium artemisiae argyi powder, yellow soil and fine sand in a mixing mode, the seedbed and the cuttage medium are irritated by the ultraviolet lamps at intervals before cuttage and then covered with a plastic film, and water is sufficiently sprayed to the seedbed for cuttage; 2, performing cuttage of cuttings, wherein semi-lignified shoots or lignified current-year branches are selected as the cuttings, the cuttings are treated with a rooting agent before cuttage, soil is sufficiently irrigated with oxygen-rich water immediately after cuttage, a carbendazim and thiram mixed solution is sprayed to leaf surfaces for disinfection, and then the ultraviolet lamps are turned on for irradiation; 3, performing post-cuttage management. By means of the method, diseases such as gray mold and the leaf spot disease or pests such as coccid can be reduced in the cuttage propagation process of photinia serrulata, the cuttage propagation efficiency can be improved, and the survival rate can be increased.