89results about How to "Solve the problem of antifreeze" patented technology

The invention provides a foam concrete with large-dosage polystyrene particles and a preparation method thereof, which solve problems of water leakage and frost resistance of the foam concrete. The foam concrete comprises components in part as follows: 63-81 parts of ordinary portland cement, 63-81 parts of quick-hardening sulphoaluminate cement, 10-30 parts of coal ash, 0.5-1.3 parts of water reducing agent, 1-2 parts of accelerating agent, 0.6-1.2 parts of early strength agent, 1-2 parts of fiber, 2-4 parts of silica sol, and 50-70 parts of water. The percentage in volume (liter) of the polystyrene particles in added water is 200-400percent, and the percentage in volume (liter) of foam in the added water is 100-600percent. In the preparation process, the treated polystyrene particles stand for 10 min, and the foam can be added after standing uniformly-stirred cement slurry for 20 min. On the premise of ensuring the intensity, the foam cement disclosed by the invention has the advantages of higher heat preservation and heat-shielding performance, higher electric insulating performance, lower volume weight and lower water absorption. The problems of the water leakage and the frostresistance of the foam cement can be solved.

A method for cleaning sewage by vertical undercurrent type artificial wet land in northern area features that a scientific microbe carrier network consisting filler layers, insulating reproduction layer, etc is disclosed for fast forming a biomembrane system for playing its cleaning role without plants in the winter, a deeply buried multi-layer water tube network can prevent freeze and cracking, and more insulating techniques are used to keep the temp of sewage to be treated to 15-20 deg.C.

The invention relates to an all-year cold supply chiller with natural cooling function. A compressor, an air connecting pipe, a condenser, a liquid connecting pipe, a throttling gear and an evaporator form a steam compression type refrigeration circulation loop; the evaporator, the air connecting pipe, the condenser arranged on the evaporator and the liquid connecting pipe, which are all in the steam compression type refrigeration circulation loop form a cold medium natural circulation loop by opening a heat pipe air valve on a heat pipe branch and a heat pipe liquid valve connected in parallel with the throttling gear, and closing a refrigeration air valve on an air suction pipe of the compressor. The all-year cold supply chiller can adopt an integral structure or a split structure, keeps the function of making air conditioning cold water in summer, can sufficiently utilize the natural cold energy of outdoor air to make cold water in transition seasons and winter, provides cold water for all-year cold supply areas, such as inner zone of buildings and highly heating areas, and has the remarkable advantages of simple structure, high efficiency and energy saving.

The invention relates to the technical field of antifreeze equipment, in particular to an ice-driven antifreeze control device, which is composed of an ice-driven temperature sensing package and a control accessory; Head, plunger upper sealing ring, plunger lower sealing ring, plunger sealing screw or stud, plunger sealing ball, sealing water; the control accessories are valve accessories or heater accessories; the ice-driven temperature sensing package The ice-driven antifreeze drip valve and the valve accessory form an ice-driven antifreeze heater; the ice-driven temperature sensing package and the heater accessory form an ice-driven antifreeze heater. The ice-driven temperature-sensing package can automatically drive the on-off of the valve spool or the travel switch without using electricity, and then make the ice-driven antifreeze drip valve leak or make the ice-driven antifreeze heater energized and heated, which can effectively solve the problem of running water pipes in winter. Antifreeze of pump valves and water meters. Compared with the traditional antifreeze drip valve, its control accuracy and reliability are higher, the processing and manufacturing process is simpler, maintenance-free and comprehensive water-saving performance is good, which can greatly reduce the waste of water resources while effectively solving the problem of antifreeze.

The invention discloses a temperature-controllable dry and wet-open and closed integrated cooling tower system which comprises a cooling tower, an automatic controller, an open cooling tower water inlet pipeline, a closed cooling tower water inlet pipeline, a heat release equipment cooling water return pipeline, an open cooling tower water outlet pipeline, a closed cooling tower water outlet pipeline, and a heat release equipment cooling water supply pipeline, wherein the automatic controller is used for controlling running of a variable frequency motor of the cooling tower and starting or stopping of a circulating water pump; and the automatic controller is also used for controlling the conduction paths of the pipelines by controlling a three-way reversing valve. According to the integrated cooling tower system, surrounding air can be fully utilized to perform a cooling operation in summer, the high-efficiency cooling effect of cooling water is achieved on the basis of effectively preventing frostbite in winter, open and closed heat exchange modes can be switched from one another and can be also combined for operation, and the high-efficiency heat exchange of the cooling tower is achieved.

The invention discloses an indirect air-cooling control system of a surface condenser, comprising a startup control device, a stop control device, a bypass valve control device, a liquid level control device for an underground water tank, a liquid level control device for an expansion water tank, a water charging / discharging control device and a circulating water temperature control device, wherein the bypass valve control device, the liquid level control device for the underground water tank, the liquid level control device for the expansion water tank, the water charging / discharging controldevice and the circulating water temperature control device are respectively connected with the startup control device and the stop control device. The indirect air-cooling control system of the surface condenser can be integrally connected with a DCS (Distributed Control System) in host computer room, which is good for expanding the system network; operator on duty is unnecessary near the air cooling tower, so labor cost is saved. The indirect air-cooling control system is high in automation degree, simple in operation, good for the operation of the operators, and is capable of excellently solving the antifreeze problem of the radiator when the radiator operates in winter.

The invention discloses a household wall-mounted flat solar heat-pump water heater and a control method thereof. The household wall-mounted flat solar heat-pump water heater comprises an outdoor unit and an indoor unit, wherein the outdoor unit comprises a tube-wing heat collecting evaporator, a solar heat-pump compressor, a thermal expansion valve, a liquid storage device, a dry filter and an electromagnetic valve, wherein the tube-wing heat collecting evaporator is formed through integrating a heat collecting plate core of a flat solar heat collecting panel and an evaporator of a heat pump; the indoor unit comprises a controller, a heat-storage water tank and a coil tube type condenser which is arranged inside the heat-storage water tank; the operation of the flat solar heat-pump water heater is realized through controlling the compressor, the thermal expansion valve and the electromagnetic valve by the controller. Through the manner, the household wall-mounted flat solar heat-pump water heater has the advantages that various complicated, changeable and harsh working conditions of a solar heat collecting evaporator are overcome successfully, heat pump technologies can be applied to solar heat utilization, the efficiency is increased greatly compared with that of a solar water heater and that of an air source heat-pump water heater, and meanwhile, the problems that the flat solar water heater needs to be protected from frostbite in winter and the air source heat-pump water heater needs to be defrosted in winter are solved.

The invention relates to a compound antifreezing agent for an unshaped refractory, mainly relating to a compound early strength antifreezing agent of an unshaped refractory for aluminate cement. The compound early strength antifreezing agent comprises the following components of ethanediol, urea, one of lithium hydroxide or sodium aluminate, one of sodium dodecyl sulfate or OP-10 emulsifier or triterpenoidal saponin, one of organic water reducing agent FS20 or inorganic water reducing agent sodium tripolyphosphate or inorganic water reducing agent sodium hexametaphosphate and water according to the weight constituent ratio of 135-202.5:68-100:27-45:1-3:25-30:229.5-314. The compound early strength antifreezing agent has the characteristics of good effects of freeze protection and early strength, good construction performance and small influence on the high temperature property of the refactroy, and is suitable for the winter construction of the castable refractory and the gunning refractory at the temperature not lower than 15 DEG C below zero.

The invention discloses a two-way bracing wire device, which belongs to a measuring device in water conservation, communication and rock and soil field. It includes a fixing end, suspending end, bracing wire body, two-way measuring box, automatic water filling device, liquid storage barrel and connecting pipe, the two-way measuring box has a water box, floating bracket, manual measuring meter and two-way bracing wire device; the water box, liquid storage barrel and the automatic liquid filling device are connected together through the connecting pipe, the bracing wire is leaded in through the fixed end to the suspending end through each measuring bracket, and the wire are winded on the heavy wheel. The invention changes the single measuring aim of the single way bracing wire device and static force level device, realizes two functions with one wire.

The invention discloses a separate heat pipe wall mounting type flat-plate solar heating device. The separate heat pipe wall mounting type flat-plate solar heating device comprises an indoor unit and an outdoor unit which is connected with the indoor unit; the outdoor unit comprises an evaporator; the evaporator comprises a heat absorbing plate core and an evaporation section of a separate heat pipe integrally molded with the heat absorbing plate core; the indoor unit comprises a condenser which comprises a condensation section of the separate heat pipe; the gaseous phase part of the evaporator is connected with the gaseous phase part of the condenser through a gas guiding pipe; and the liquid phase part of the evaporator is connected with the liquid phase part of the condenser through a liquid guiding pipe. According to the mode, the separate heat pipe wall mounting type flat-plate solar heating device provided by the invention has the advantages of realizing solar photothermal conversion and heat energy transmission by adopting a separate heat pipe technology as well as solar heating, greatly improving the heating efficiency, reducing the heat loss and realizing the antifreezing problem of a flat-plate solar collector and a system pipeline.

The invention discloses an indirect air-cooled tower, which comprises a tower body, cooling fan sections and a controller, wherein the cooling fan sections are arranged at the bottom of the tower body in a surrounding manner; each cooling fan section comprises at least one cooling triangle composed of a radiator and a shutter; each shutter is composed of an upper window body and a lower window body which are connected with each other and both are connected with a transmission unit; the transmission units are connected with one another in parallel and then connected with the controller; each transmission unit comprises an actuator and a linkage rod connected with the actuator; each linkage rod is connected with blades of the corresponding shutter through a crankshaft. The indirect air-cooled tower disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that a temperature measurement component can effectively monitor the tube bundle temperature of the radiators, the sectional opening and closing of the shutters can be realized by the transmission units, drastic heat exchange between cold air and freezable parts on upper tube bundles or lower tube bundles of the radiators can be avoided, frozen damage of the tube bundles of the radiators is prevented, normal operation of a system is ensured, the freezing protection of the radiators in the air-cooled tower in winter is guaranteed, and the service life of the radiators is prolonged.

An anti-freezing alkali-free liquid accelerator and a preparation method thereof are disclosed. The accelerator is mainly prepared from water-soluble aluminium salt, polyaluminium salt, alkaline earthnitrate and / or carbonate, alkaline earth fluoride salt, alcamines organic matter and water. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly dissolving a part of water-soluble aluminiumsalt by the use of a part of water, heating and stirring, adding polyaluminium salt and alkaline earth nitrate and / or carbonate, heating and reacting, cooling, successively adding alkaline earth fluoride salt, alcamines organic matter and the rest of water-soluble aluminium salt, adding the rest of water, and filtering. After the accelerator with the dosage of 4% is added into cement, initial setting time of cement paste is less than or equal to 4 min, and final setting time is less than or equal to 8 min; and early strength and long-term strength are both high. The accelerator of the invention has good storage stability at room temperature, low temperature and high temperature. In the case of redissolving after freezing, almost no precipitate is precipitated out, and the rapid hardening effect is not attenuated. The method of the invention has advantages of simple process, low cost and zero emission, and is suitable for industrial production.

The invention provides a heat superconductive panel fin radiator with fins on the surface thereof. The radiator herein includes: a radiator substrate; a plurality of heat superconductive heating panels which are parallelly disposed at intervals on the surface of the radiator substrate; each heat superconductive heating panel is provided with a heat superconductive pipeline which is formed therein, and the heat superconductive pipeline is a closed pipeline which is filled with a heat conductive working medium; a radiating fin structure which is disposed on at least one surface of each heat superconductive heating panel; the radiating fin structure includes at least one radiating fin which extends in wave form along the direction in parallel to the surface of the heat superconductive heating panel. According to the invention, the heat superconductive panel fin radiator herein has the characteristics of high fin efficiency, large heat exchange area per unit volume, strong radiating capability, small size, light weight, flexible and various appearance and structure, low cost and small radiator substrate. The heat superconductive panel fin radiator herein can deploy devices with large power, is suitable to lower temperature environment of alpine regions in winter, and addresses the anti-freezing problem of heat pipes and water-cooled radiators.

The invention discloses a tunnel drainage anti-freezing integrated system in alpine and severe cold regions, which comprises an active insulation system and a passive insulation system, wherein the active insulation system includes a heat source supply device, a heat source circulation pipeline, a heat collection device, a water supplement pipeline, a heating circulation pipeline and a heating pipe; the passive insulation system includes a central drainage pipe anti-freezing layer arranged surround the tunnel central drainage pipe, a side channel anti-freezing layer arranged surround the tunnel side channel, and a blind pipe anti-freezing layer arranged at the outer sides of the tunnel circumferential blind pipe and vertical blind pipe. The tunnel drainage anti-freezing integrated system in the alpine and severe cold regions has the advantages that the heat demand is satisfied, which is needed for ensuring smooth water flow without ice of the tunnel drainage system in the regions withmonthly average temperature of -15 DEG C; in addition, an inorganic nanometre vacuum insulation plate is added as the passive insulation measure, which can effectively solve the problem of anti-freezing tunnel drainage system in the alpine and severe cold regions. Besides, the overall system has the advantages of small construction area, convenient construction, low cost, environmental protectionand high efficiency, and strong stability of structure and function and the like.

The invention discloses a heat recovery system. The heat recovery system comprises a compressor, a first liquid storage tank, a second liquid storage tank, a first four-way valve, a second four-way valve, an outdoor heat exchanger, a hot water heat exchanger and an indoor heat exchanger, wherein the first four-way valve is connected with the second four-way valve, the inlet end of the outdoor heat exchanger is connected with a first valve port of the second four-way valve, the outlet end of the outdoor heat exchanger is connected with the first and second liquid storage tanks, the outlet end of the hot water heat exchanger is connected with a first valve port of the first four-way valve, the outlet end of the hot water heat exchanger is connected with the first liquid storage tank, the inlet end of the indoor heat exchanger is connected with a third valve port of the second four-way valve, the outlet end of the indoor heat exchanger is connected with the second liquid storage tank, a first electromagnetic valve is mounted between the inlet end of a compressor and a second valve port of the first four-way valve, and a second electromagnetic valve is mounted between the inlet end of the compressor and a second valve port of the second four-way valve. The heat recovery system solves the anti-freezing problem for an idle heat exchanger.

The invention relates to an accident safety method and system for water supply. A circulating cooling water supply pump sucks cooling water from a circulating pump station water suction well and delivers the cooling water to an equipment flow pipe; return water returns into the circulating pump station water suction well; in the case that the circulating cooling water supply pump fails or powers off, an accident diesel engine water supply pump automatically starts up, and before the pump starts up, an accident water tank supplies water to equipment; the accident water tank and the circulating pump station water suction well form a safety water supply circulation loop through an inflow pipe and an overflow pipe; during water supply, the circulating cooling water supply pump supplements water to the accident water tank; water level of the accident water tank is observed in a control room through a level meter. Compared with the prior art, the accident safety method and system for water supply has the advantages that the accident water tank is disposed in column space of a workshop, load of the workshop is never increased, and investment is low; the safety water supply circulation loop is formed through the inflow pipe, an outflow pipe and a lower horizontal overflow pipe, the water in the accident water tank is kept flowing, water worsening is avoided at the premise of meeting safety of water supply, and the anti-freezing problem is solved.

The invention discloses a heat pump unit and an anti-freezing control method thereof. The heat pump unit comprises N parallel module machines. The control method includes the following steps that the outdoor environment temperature is detected, and the water inlet temperature and the water outlet temperature of each module machine are detected; when the kth module machine is in a standby state and it is judged that the kth module machine needs anti-freezing protection according to the outdoor environment temperature and the water inlet temperature and the water outlet temperature of the kth module machine, a water pump and a control valve which correspond to the kth module machine are controlled to be started, and whether the water inlet temperature and the water outlet temperature of the kth module machine meet the first preset condition or not is judged after first preset time; and if the first preset condition is not met, the water pump and the control valve corresponding to each module machine are controlled to be in a started state when the kth module machine is in a normal usable state, the kth module machine is started to conduct heating, and therefore unnecessary starting and stopping caused by the anti-freezing protection need are reduced, and the probability that a certain module machine is frozen to be damaged due to faults is lowered.

The invention discloses an all-working-condition cooling and anti-freezing system suitable for an indirect air-cooling heat supply unit. The system involves a steam turbine low-pressure cylinder, an indirect air cooling tower, a condenser, a circulating water pump, diverting coolers, steam-water pipeline valves and the like; and the system is characterized in that the independent diverting coolersconnected with the indirect air cooling tower in parallel are additionally arranged on the indirect air-cooling heat supply unit, the pipeline valves from an outlet of the circulating water pump to the diverting coolers are additionally arranged, after the circulating water is cooled by the diverting coolers, the circulating water and circulating water outlet water of the indirect air cooling tower are converged and then enter the condenser together to cool exhaust steam of a steam turbine; and when the unit operates under the pure condensing working condition, the indirect air cooling towerand the diverting coolers operate in parallel, and a corresponding number of diverting coolers can be put in according to unit operation requirements. According to the system, through implementation of the all-working-condition cooling and anti-freezing system suitable for the indirect air-cooling heat supply unit, the annual cooling requirement of the indirect air-cooling heat supply unit can bemet, the anti-freezing purpose under the working condition of small steam exhaust flow can be achieved, and the safety and economical efficiency of unit operation can be improved.

The invention discloses an indoor heating system based on coupling of a separated heat pipe and a flat-plate solar heat collector. The indoor heating system comprises an outdoor heat collection component and an indoor control component, wherein the outdoor heat collection component comprises a heat collector box body, a heat absorption plate core, an evaporation heat-exchange pipe and an evaporation chamber; the heat absorption plate core, the evaporation heat-exchange pipe and the evaporation chamber are arranged in the heat collector box body; the indoor control component comprises a hot water storage tank, a spiral pipe type condenser, a liquid accumulating cup, a temperature sensor, a flow control pump, a gas-liquid separator, a cold-heat exchanger, an air intake fan, an air intake fan pipeline, an air exhaust fan and an air exhaust fan pipeline; the spiral pipe type condenser is placed in the hot water storage tank and provided with a flow inlet and a flow outlet; the flow inlet end of the spiral pipe type condenser is connected with an evaporation gas outlet; and the flow outlet of the spiral pipe type condenser is connected with a condensate inlet. The indoor heating system adopts a separated heat pipe technology, ensures high thermal efficiency and meanwhile solves the problem of freezing prevention of the flat-plate solar heat collector and system pipelines.

The invention belongs to solar energy utilization, and provides a reflector driven through photocells and electromagnets for tracking the sun. The reflector is provided with a sun tracking component of a solar energy collector with a reflector. The photocell sensitivity allows the reflector to track the sun, a power source for the reflector to track the sun is provided, and the sun tracking motion of the reflector can be performed while the external power supply is omitted. Owing to heat collecting of the reflector, performance in winter is improved greatly, the reflector can be applied to heating in winter in the southern half of China, the reflectors with rectangular cross sections can be neatly arrayed on the sunward facade and roof of a building to externally shade the building, and accordingly the main energy consumption of an air conditioner is saved by preventing the wall from transmitting heat indoors in summer.

The invention relates to an environmental monitoring type anti-freezing water meter. The water meter comprises a water meter body and an intelligent control module arranged below the body; the intelligent control module comprises an amplification circuit, an A / D conversion module, a single-chip computer and a switching circuit; an electric heating wire is arranged in the body; a temperature sensoris arranged in the body, the temperature sensor is electrically connected with the input end of the amplification circuit through a guiding wire, the output end of the amplification circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the A / D conversion module, and the output end of the A / D conversion module is electrically connected with the single-chip computer; the single-chip computer is electrically connected with the control input end of the switching circuit, and the switching circuit is electrically connected with a strong current power supply and the electric heating wire. According to the water meter, water in the water meter is heated by arranging the electric heating wire to prevent the water in the water meter from freezing and ensure that the temperature of the water in the water meter is above zero DEG C all the time, so that a full-scale anti-freezing effect is achieved to prevent the water flow in the water meter from icing and expanding resulting in damage of thewater meter, the manufacture process is simple and the prices of materials are low.

The invention discloses a liquid cooling temperature control system allowing wide temperature range natural cooling, comprising an internal circulation system for cooling a heating device, first and second heat exchangers connected parallelly to the internal circulation system, and first and second external circulation systems used to cooling a liquid coolant in the internal circulation system and capable of running independently; the first external circulation system comprises a cooling column, and the second external circulation system comprises a dry cooler; the first and second external circulation systems are run respectively at high or low ambient temperature. The application environment temperature range of the liquid cooling temperature control system is widened, and the liquid cooling temperature control system can make full use of natural cold source to cool heating equipment at a different ambient temperature; in addition, by running the liquid cooling temperature control system at low ambient temperature, the resources, such as water and electricity, are saved, the anti-freezing problem of the cooling column is solved, and operation and maintenance costs of the liquid cooling temperature control system are decreased accordingly.

The invention discloses a refrigerating system. The refrigerating system comprises a mechanical refrigerating assembly, a natural cooling assembly and a cooling water flow path. The refrigerating assembly comprises a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator. The condenser and the evaporator are connected with the compressor. The natural cooling assembly comprises a natural cooling coil, an intermediate heat exchanger and a natural cooling flow path. The natural cooling flow path is arranged between the natural cooling coil and the intermediate heat exchanger so as to form cooling circulation between the natural cooling coil and the intermediate heat exchanger. The cooling water flow path is provided with a water inlet end and a water outlet end, and the cooling water flow path sequentially passes the intermediate heat exchanger and the evaporator. At least one part of the compressor, the evaporator and the intermediate heat exchanger are arranged on the inner side, and the condenser and the natural cooling coil are arranged on the outdoor side. The service life of the refrigerating system is long, and a natural cold source can be sufficiently utilized.

The invention discloses an evaporation cooling / air cooling heat exchange composite type condenser. The evaporation cooling / air cooling heat exchange composite type condenser consists of a fan, an aircooling heat exchanger, a spraying system, a water retaining plate, cooling fillers, shutters, a water collecting tray, a circulating water pump and a water cooling heat exchanger. The condenser is mainly applicable to the fields requiring cooling in a whole year and can be flexibly switched between two running modes according to changes of seasons, namely an air cooling mode and an evaporation cooling mode. The evaporation cooling / air cooling heat exchange composite type condenser disclosed by the invention overcomes the problems such as surface scaling and corrosion of a heat exchanger pipein a traditional condenser by adopting a way that each heat exchangers is separated from a spraying device, also further improves the running performances by overcooling a refrigerant by fully utilizing the cold of the spraying water by virtue of a helical plate heat exchanger, has the characteristics of being compact in structure, small in floor area, high in heat transfer efficiency, high in operation flexibility, wide in application range, small in heat loss and convenient to install and wash, realizes high-efficiency heat exchange and also realizes the aim of saving energy.

The invention relates to an all-weather dual-DC solar water heating system which is technically characterized in that solar heating is adopted to match with a conventional energy heating device for keeping the basic constant temperature of supply water, The all-weather dual-DC solar water heating system works in the following processes: leading out a water level signal, a water pressure signal and a water temperature signal to a controller after cold water and hot water of a heat storage water tank are mixed; controlling a cold water intake pipeline by the controller; communicating three parallel members with the water tank, a conventional energy heater and water points for switching work; leading out a hot water pipe from the water tank, driving the three communicated and parallel-connected members through a pump; and communicating to switch on or off the conventional energy heater, a solar heat collector and the water points. The working processes can be simultaneously operated or incompletely or cooperatively operated, a normally-open electromagnetic valve is connected with a solar water feeding pipe, a hot water return pipe and a water feeding morally-closed electromagnetic valve for synchronous switching. Every time the solar heat collecting process is over, water of the heat collector and water of the external pipeline are refluxed to the water tank in time. The invention radically solves the problems of freezing prevention and resistance, and the like.

The invention discloses a self-cleaning spraying rubber asphalt waterproof system and a preparation method. The waterproof system comprises a sealing paint layer, a spraying rubber asphalt coating layer and a super-hydrophobic self-cleaning polyurethane coating layer which are sequentially arranged on a base material from bottom to top. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a spraying rubber asphalt composite material, preparing a super-hydrophobic polyurethane coating solution, brushing sealing paint on the surface of the base material, spraying a rubber asphalt waterproof film on the surface of the sealing paint, and spraying a super-hydrophobic polyurethane coating on the surface of dried rubber asphalt. The problems that the surface of the rubber asphalt absorbs water, the water absorption rate of a coating film is high, water permeates into the rubber asphalt coating film to cause swelling of the coating film, and the rubber asphalt coating film cannot resist frost cracking are solved, and the self-cleaning performance of the spraying rubber asphalt coating film is improved.

The invention discloses a high-temperature high-efficiency flat plate collector, and relates to collectors. The high-temperature high-efficiency flat plate collector is composed of three parts including a transparent cover plate, a heat collection pipe and a shell plate; the heat collection pipe is a blue film and black cadmium or silicon film heat collection pipe; the inner layer of the shell plate is a light reflecting and focusing heat preservation plate with an arc-shaped face; and the heat collection pipe is fixed into space of the arc-shaped face of the shell plate, and the transparent cover plate is fixed to the upper face. The high-temperature high-efficiency flat plate collector is simple in structure, higher in heat collection efficiency, higher in mechanical strength, smaller in cost and weight, easy to produce, transport and install and higher in safety.

The invention discloses a switchable single-double flow air cooling radiator in vertical arrangement. The switchable single-double flow air cooling radiator in vertical arrangement comprises a radiator body, the upper portion inside the radiator body is provided with a mixing water storage header, the lower portion inside the radiator body is provided with a water inlet header and a switchable water inlet and outlet header, the mixing water storage header is communicated with the water inlet header and the switchable water inlet and outlet header respectively through a set of radiating finned tubes, an upper water outlet tube is arranged on the mixing water storage header, an upper water outlet tube power-driven control valve is arranged inside the upper water outlet tube, a general water inlet tube is arranged below the water inlet header, a water inlet branch tube is arranged between the general water inlet tube and the switchable water inlet and outlet header, a water inlet branch tube power-driven control valve is arranged inside the water inlet branch tube, a lower water outlet tube is arranged below the switchable water inlet and outlet header, and a lower water outlet tube power-driven control valve is arranged inside the lower water outlet tube. The switchable single-double flow air cooling radiator in vertical arrangement can adapt to cooling requirements under different environments, and effectively solve freeze-proofing problem of winter operation for the air cooling radiator by the switchable double-single flow operation of the air cooling radiator.

The invention provides a compact solar water heater with an anti-freezing emptying function. The compact solar water heater comprises a heat storage water tank and a water inlet and outlet pipe, wherein the tail end of the water inlet and outlet pipe is provided with a hot water outlet, a cold water inlet and a water discharging opening used for emptying the water inlet and outlet pipe, the water discharging opening is controlled by a water discharging valve, the cold water inlet is controlled by a water supply valve, a closing element for opening or closing a pipe opening is arranged on the pipe opening of the water inlet and outlet pipe positioned in an inner cavity of the heat storage water tank, a communication pipe vertically penetrates through the closing element, the communication pipe is communicated with an air space at the top of the inner cavity of the heat storage water tank and the water inlet and outlet pipe arranged under the closing element, a driving rod which downwards extends and can vertically move for driving the closing element to open or close the pipe opening of the water inlet and outlet pipe is fixedly arranged at the closing element or on the communication pipe arranged under the closing element, and the driving force of the driving rod is supplied by a driving mechanism. The compact solar water heater has the advantages that the complete emptying of the water inlet and outlet pipe is realized, the anti-freezing problem of the water heater is thoroughly solved, and the instant available effect of the solar water heater is realized.