A hydrogen peroxide sterilization device comprises a hydrogen peroxide liquid storage barrel, an ultrasonic atomizer, an electrical control unit, a vaporizing chamber, a metering pump, an solenoid-controlled valve, an air blower, a heater, a filter device, an air inlet and a steam outlet pipe; the ultrasonic atomizer is further provided with an ultrasonic nozzle provided with an air flue to evenly diffuse atomized hydrogen peroxide microdroplets in the vaporizing chamber, the vaporization efficiency is improved, the atomized hydrogen peroxide microdirplets can be vaporized rapidly at a lower temperature, and the energy is saved. Indoor air serves as carrier gas, outside air is not introduced, and secondary pollution is avoided. Hydrogen peroxide big droplets which are not vaporized in the vaporizing chamber can drop back on the heater under the action of gravity to be vaporized again. By controlling various related parameters, a dew point temperature of output vaporized hydrogen peroxide is made to be lower than the indoor temperature all the time, a steady flow is guaranteed for the vaporized hydrogen peroxide, and the water mist condensation phenomenon which occurs in the transport process are avoided.