The invention discloses a rapid-recognition gene chip for pathogenic bacteria of pneumonia. The gene chip can detect 15 pathogenic bacteria including streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter baumannii, enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, burkholderia cepacia, legionella pneumophila and chlamydia pneumoniae, and clinically common and difficult-to-culture pathogenic bacteria are contained. In a preparation process of the gene chip, design, screening and verification of probes are performed by adopting 16S rDNA and a specific gene sequence corresponding to each of the pathogenic bacteria, and types of the bacteria in a to-be-detected sample are identified from levels of genus and species simultaneously and respectively. The gene chip has the advantages that the defect that clinical detection of the pathogenic bacteria of pneumonia is not timely and comprehensive at present is overcome, and one novel detection way is provided for early diagnosis and early treatment of patients with pneumonia.