The invention discloses a method for extracting chemical components of betel nut seeds. According to the invention, ten compounds are separated from the ethyl acetate part of a betel nut seed methanolextract by re-crystallization, silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography and other modern separation methods, and the chemical structures of the compounds are identified by utilizing a modern spectrum technology, wherein the compounds are Helicia cerebroside A (1), (R)-N-((2S,3S,4R,z)-3,4-dihydroxy-1-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)octadec-8-en-2-yl)-2-hydroxydocosanamide (2), (2S,3R)-catechin (3), isorhamnetin (4), beta-sitosterol (5), beta-daucosterol (6), stigmast-4-ene-3-one (7), vanillic acid (8), cyclic-(leucine-tyrosine) (9) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (10). The structural types of the separated compounds comprise phenols, flavones, steroids, cerebroside esters and cyclic dipeptides, wherein the cerebroside ester compounds are reported in the plant for the first time.