The invention relates to foliar fertilizer for inducing melon vegetable powdery mildew resistance and a preparation method thereof. The fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, chitooligo saccharide, stigmasterol, earthworm hydrolysate, a new high fat film, betaine, a wetting agent, a dispersant and water. The preparation method comprises the following steps of preparing the earthworm hydrolysate; adding water into a reaction kettle, heating to 40 to 50 DEG C, adding the salicylic acid and the wetting agent, and stirring to react to obtain a solution A; after the solution is cooled to 30 to 40 DEG C, adding the stigmasterol, the chitooligo saccharide and the dispersant, stirring to react to obtain a solution B; uniformly mixing the earthworm hydrolysate, the solution A, the solution B and the remaining ingredients, sterilizing, and filling, so as to obtain the foliar fertilizer of the invention. According to the foliar fertilizer of the invention, by inducing the resistance of melon vegetables to powdery mildew, the pollution caused by chemical agents can be remarkably reduced, and food safety can be improved, the foliar fertilizer also can be used as an important complement to the application of disease-resistant varieties, can significantly promote the growth of melon vegetables and improve quality and increase yield, and is an effective way to control powdery mildew.