119 results about "Electrolytes fluids" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of safety monitoring of energy storage systems, and relates to a monitoring method and system for an all-vanadium redox flow battery with a safe liquid level. According to the technical scheme, the effective sectional area of a safe liquid storage tank is obtained, the quantitative volume is determined, and a theoretical liquid level response benchmark is established according to the ratio; counting the liquid level and conductance noise in the stable baseline section and generating a corresponding error boundary; performing quantitative injection and quantitative extraction active self-inspection on the interlayer, extracting injection / extraction liquid level response amplitude and return difference, and judging whether a monitoring link is healthy or not; and when the link is not healthy, the hidden inner leakage is judged by taking increment and continuity of conductance of the liquid collecting cavity relative to the base line as main evidence. Therefore, electrolyte invasion can still be reliably recognized under the working condition that the safe liquid level change is not obvious or even reverse double-fault covering is achieved, report omission is reduced, and monitoring reproducibility and engineering reliability are improved.

The utility model discloses a water heater which comprises a water tank, an electronic anode and an air power supply module. The air power supply module comprises a shell in which a liquid storage cavity is formed, and the liquid storage cavity is filled with electrolyte; a cathode film is arranged in the shell, the inner surface of the cathode film is in contact with the electrolyte, and the outer surface of the cathode film is configured to be in contact with air; the metal anode is arranged in the shell; the electrode assembly comprises a first electrode and a second electrode; wherein an exhaust hole is formed in the shell, and a waterproof breathable component is arranged on the exhaust hole; the waterproof breathable component comprises a first membrane and a second membrane, and the second membrane is arranged on the inner side of the first membrane; the first membrane is configured to prevent water in the liquid storage cavity from flowing out and allow gas in the liquid storage cavity to pass through and be exhausted. The service life of the air power supply module is longer under the condition that the current anti-corrosion requirement of the water heater is met, the replacement frequency of a user is reduced, and the use experience of the user is improved.

The invention discloses a magnetic field auxiliary dry type electrochemical polishing device and method for the inner surface of a pipeline, and the device comprises a base which is provided with a double-sliding-block displacement table, and the double-sliding-block displacement table is provided with a lower sliding block and an upper sliding block; a motor clamp is arranged on the upper sliding block, a motor is arranged on the motor clamp, the motor is connected with an electrode clamp, and the electrode clamp clamps an electrode; a workpiece clamp is arranged on the lower sliding block, a workpiece is arranged on the workpiece clamp, a lower container is arranged below the workpiece, an annular magnet is arranged outside the workpiece in a surrounding mode, and an inner space formed by the workpiece and the lower container is filled with a solid medium. The electrode clamp is connected with the rotating end of the conductive slip ring, and the static end of the conductive slip ring is connected with the anode of the power supply through a wire. The magnetic field assists in regulating and controlling ion migration, dry type electrochemical polishing is achieved by combining the synergistic effect of the two electrodes, liquid electrolyte pollution is avoided, and the device has the advantages of being high in polishing uniformity, convenient and fast to operate and low in cost and is suitable for precise runner inner surface treatment of the additive manufacturing pipeline.

The invention discloses a compact tensile sample dynamic hydrogen charging test device and a test method. The compact tensile sample dynamic hydrogen charging test device comprises an electrochemical hydrogen charging device, a liquid carrying table, a compact tensile sample and a clamp, a CT sample penetrates through the liquid carrying table through the clamp and is fixed, and the electrochemical hydrogen charging device is connected with the liquid carrying table; and the whole CT sample and the clamp head are positioned in the columnar container and are immersed in the electrolyte of the columnar container. The problems of potential safety hazards, limited hydrogen filling content and hydrogen escape during hydrogen filling of the CT sample are solved; electrochemical hydrogen charging can be carried out while a fracture toughness test or a fatigue test is carried out, so that hydrogen overflow caused from hydrogen pre-charging to an experiment is effectively avoided, and potential safety hazards of experiment problems caused by a conventional hydrogen pre-charging experiment are also avoided; any hydrogen charging current density can be taken, after the surface area of a sample is measured, the hydrogen flux in the experiment process can be strictly controlled by adjusting the current of the direct-current power supply, the gradient hydrogen concentration is obtained by controlling the current and the hydrogen charging time, research is facilitated, and experiment parameters are accurate.

The application discloses a membrane-free liquid flow battery desalination device and method based on gravity stratification. The device comprises an upper-layer reduction reaction chamber, a middle-layer desalination chamber and a lower-layer oxidation reaction chamber. A stable three-layer liquid area is formed by using the density difference and the oil-water insolubility to replace the ion exchange membrane with the oil-water interface. The lower layer is an anode electrolyte with a density greater than water, the upper layer is a cathode electrolyte with a density less than water, and the middle layer is brine to be desalinated. After a voltage is applied, the oxidation-reduction reaction drives the migration of cations to the upper layer and the migration of anions to the lower layer, thereby realizing efficient desalination of brine. The application is membrane-free, low-cost, high-efficiency and stable in operation, and is suitable for scenes such as seawater desalination, brackish water desalination and high-salt wastewater treatment.

The invention discloses a sodium ion battery electrolyte cyclic regeneration device which comprises a mixing tank and further comprises a cleaning tank and a cross beam, the cleaning tank is located on one side of the mixing tank, the cross beam is located above the cleaning tank and the mixing tank, and the bottom of the cross beam is connected with a sliding frame. According to the invention, the cross beam, the sliding frame, the lifting frame, the upper cover, the rotating column, the transmission arm, the transmission box, the connecting rod, the stirring impeller and the cleaning tank are arranged, so that a stirring structure formed by the transmission arm, the transmission box and the stirring impeller can leave the stirring tank, and attachments on the stirring structure can be conveniently cleaned (washed, polished and the like) by workers from the outside; the cleaned stirring structure is transferred into the cleaning tank, and the cleaning liquid in the cleaning tank can soak the stirring structure, so that attachments on the stirring structure are conveniently and thoroughly softened and removed, and the attachments on the stirring structure are cleaned more thoroughly. Compared with the prior art, the cleaning mode of the stirring structure has the advantages that the difficulty of cleaning treatment is greatly reduced, and the cleaning is more thorough.

1. Name of the product in this design: Storage tank. 2. Purpose of this design: For storing liquids such as electrolyte and water. 3. The key design feature of this product is its shape. 4. The picture or photo that best illustrates the key design points: Design 1 3D diagram 1. 5. Design 1 is designated as the basic design.

This utility model discloses a cell cover, a cell, a battery pack, and a vehicle. The cell cover includes a cover body with a liquid replenishment chamber containing electrolyte. A liquid outlet is provided on the cover body, communicating with the liquid replenishment chamber. When the cell cover is placed on the cell housing, the liquid outlet communicates with the housing cavity of the cell housing. A slow-release membrane is provided on the cover body at the liquid outlet. The slow-release membrane has a sealed state and a slow-release state. In the sealed state, the slow-release membrane seals the liquid outlet, preventing electrolyte outflow. In the slow-release state, the electrolyte flows out through the slow-release membrane from the liquid outlet. In this embodiment, after the cell has undergone long-term cyclic operation, i.e., after the electrolyte in the cell housing is gradually consumed, the electrolyte flows out through the slow-release membrane in the slow-release state from the liquid outlet back into the cell housing, replenishing the electrolyte and compensating for the electrolyte consumption during cell use.

This invention discloses an anodizing process and apparatus for the inner wall of a metal container, relating to the field of metal surface treatment technology. The apparatus includes a cathode and a circulation system; the cathode is inserted into the inner cavity of the metal container through an opening; the circulation system includes at least a circulation pump and an inlet pipe, the outlet of which is configured to be positioned at the bottom of the container's inner cavity; wherein the opening of the metal container is configured as an overflow outlet for the electrolyte. This invention, through forced circulation, allows the electrolyte to enter from the bottom and exit from the top of the container, forming a flow pattern of bottom inlet and top overflow. This effectively improves the flow field distribution within the container cavity, promptly removes reaction heat and discharges oxidizing gases, significantly improving the uniformity and density of the anodized film on the inner wall and reducing film defects.

The utility model discloses a kind of sodium ion battery processing electrolyte filling mechanism, including workbench and liquid storage tank, the upper surface of the liquid storage tank is fixedly installed on workbench, the upper surface of the liquid storage tank is connected with liquid inlet pipe, the upper surface of the workbench is fixedly installed with liquid pump, the water inlet of the liquid pump is fixedly installed with liquid suction pipe, the bottom end of the liquid suction pipe is connected with the bottom of liquid storage tank, the water outlet of the liquid pump is fixedly installed with liquid pipe.The utility model, by being set up the cooperation of workbench, liquid storage tank, liquid pump, liquid suction pipe, liquid pipe, valve, extension pipe, liquid storage grid, liquid outlet pipe and liquid outlet head component, the function of replacing liquid outlet head quickly and conveniently is realized, the installation mode of the liquid outlet head in existing device is improved, so that when liquid outlet head is blocked or damaged, liquid outlet head can be quickly replaced, the processing efficiency of sodium ion battery is improved.

This application provides a cell formation venting method, apparatus, and system. The method is applied to a cell formation venting device including a negative pressure regulating device, a detection and control device, and at least one negative pressure cup. The method includes: acquiring the liquid level height of each negative pressure cup in real time; determining whether there is a target negative pressure cup with a liquid level height higher than a first preset liquid level height among the multiple negative pressure cups; if there is a target negative pressure cup with a liquid level height higher than the first preset liquid level height among the multiple negative pressure cups, then executing a target venting strategy on the target charging cell corresponding to the target negative pressure cup; wherein, the target venting strategy includes: controlling the target charging cell to pause charging, and using a preset frequency to control the negative pressure ratio of the negative pressure regulating device to switch between an initial negative pressure ratio and an adjusted negative pressure ratio; the initial negative pressure ratio is used to drive the electrolyte to be drawn into the target negative pressure cup, and the adjusted negative pressure ratio is used to drive the electrolyte to flow back to the target charging cell.

An electrolyzer includes a plurality of vertically stacked electrolysis cells, with one or more electrolyte supply tubes adjacent to said plurality of electrolysis cells and having a plurality of fluid outlets configured to discharge an electrolyte solution from said one or more electrolyte supply tubes to each of said plurality of electrolysis cells. Each of the cells is provided with one or more drain assemblies, each drain assembly comprising a drain basin equipped, with a drain valve, such that some or all drain valves in a given set of assemblies are engaged by a. common control member configured and operable to actuate each of the drain valves between a closed and an open position. A plurality of electrodes is connectable to one or more electrical power sources and configured to pass electric current through the electrolyte solution introduced into said electrolysis cells via said outlets.

The application provides an electrolyte storage tank, comprising a tank body, the inside of the tank body being suitable for storing tank electrolyte and backflow electrolyte in an electric pile; a jet circulation device, the jet circulation device comprising a backflow pipe in communication with the tank body, one or more liquid outlet pipes in communication with the backflow pipe, and a nozzle in communication with at least one liquid outlet pipe, wherein the nozzle comprises a backflow inlet, a backflow outlet, a jetting port and a jetting outlet, the liquid outlet pipe is in communication with the backflow inlet, and the backflow electrolyte inside the liquid outlet pipe is suitable for being jetted out of the nozzle after sequentially passing through the backflow inlet, the backflow outlet, the jetting port and the jetting outlet, wherein the inner diameter of the backflow inlet is larger than the inner diameter of the backflow outlet, and the inner diameter of the jetting outlet is larger than the inner diameter of the jetting port. The electrolyte storage tank provided by the application can realize rapid and uniform mixing of large-capacity electrolyte in the tank, and can further improve the operation efficiency and safety of the battery.

The utility model relates to the technical field of fluid detection, in particular to an online electrolyte detector. Comprising a shell, a transparent glass tube is arranged in the shell, a light source is arranged on one side of the transparent glass tube, a sensor is arranged on the other side of the transparent glass tube, the sensor and the light source are oppositely arranged, a piston is arranged in the transparent glass tube and connected with a piston rod, a lower end cover is arranged at the bottom of the transparent glass tube, and the piston rod downwards penetrates through the lower end cover and extends to the outer side. The bottom of the piston rod is connected with the driving mechanism, the piston rod is hollow, a communicating hole is formed in the piston and connected with the top end of a communicating pipeline, and the bottom end of the communicating pipeline is connected with a liquid outlet formed in the bottom of the shell after the communicating pipeline penetrates through the piston rod. Parameters such as transparency and turbidity of the electrolyte can be detected online in real time without pause, and the detection efficiency is high; when the piston reciprocates, residual liquid on the inner wall of the transparent glass tube can be effectively removed, so that the transparency of the transparent glass tube is ensured, the detection result is more accurate, and the detection precision is ensured.

This invention provides a fabrication process for a negative electrode-free sodium metal battery and the battery itself. The fabrication process includes the following steps: preparing a positive electrode sheet; mixing an acrylate monomer, an aromatic diamine, and an initiator to obtain a first mixture, then adding a graphene oxide solution to obtain a second mixture; adding a liquid electrolyte and an ether to the second mixture to obtain a third mixture; separating the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode current collector using a separator membrane and assembling them into a bare cell, then packaging it; filling it with the third mixture and sealing it; and finally, heating and polymerizing to form the battery. This fabrication process effectively suppresses sodium dendrites and, while maintaining the high capacity of the negative electrode-free sodium metal battery, also improves the battery's cycle performance and low-temperature performance.

An electrolytic cell comprising an electrolytic reaction chamber, the electrolytic reaction chamber comprising At least one electrode assembly comprising at least one cathode, at least one anode and at least one ion-permeable layer arranged between the at least one cathode and the at least one anode; and a channel system comprising at least one electrolyte fluid inlet, and at least one electrolyte fluid outlet, the channel system comprising at least one channel fluidly connecting the at least one electrolyte fluid inlet, the electrode assembly and the at least one electrolyte fluid outlet; wherein the electrolytic reaction chamber is rotatably mounted such that the electrolytic reaction chamber is rotatable about a rotation axis and wherein at least the at least one ion-permeable layer is configured to at least partially extend in a radial direction with respect to the rotation axis.

The utility model relates to electrode plate processing technical field especially, a kind of transmission device for electrode plate infiltration, it includes: working tank;Transmission device, the transmission device is located the inside of the working tank;Transmission roller, with the transmission device swing joint, to transmission electrode plate;Sealing ring, with the transmission roller swing joint, to block the transmission roller with the transmission device junction, so that liquid will not use over junction to enter the inside of the transmission device, the transmission of transmission roller between the rotation frequency and direction consistent by the transmission of transmission gear, can replace traditional conveyor belt to transmission electrode plate, and multiple transmission rollers are also set to be discharged electrolyte sprayed outside by the hollow spacing between transmission roller, to carry out recovery, it embodies the multifunction of this device transmission electrode plate, suitable for electrolyte infiltration electrode plate processing transmission.

The utility model discloses a water heater which comprises a water tank, an electronic anode and an air power supply module. The air power supply module comprises a shell, a liquid storage cavity and an air cavity are formed in the shell, and the liquid storage cavity communicates with the air cavity through a mounting opening; a cathode film is further arranged in the liquid storage cavity and covers the inner side of the installation opening in a sealed mode. A ventilation part is also arranged on the shell, is communicated with the air cavity and is arranged at the upper part of the shell; the metal anode is arranged in the liquid storage cavity; the electrode assembly comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged on the shell, the first electrode is electrically connected with the cathode film, and the second electrode is electrically connected with the metal anode. The ventilation part is arranged to be higher than the liquid level of the electrolyte, so that the electrolyte is prevented from leaking to the outside of the shell, and the use reliability is further improved.

The utility model discloses a disc type ionic conductivity detection instrument, which realizes automatic and multi-station ionic conductivity detection, greatly improves the experimental test efficiency and accuracy, and comprises a sealing box, a main body frame arranged in the sealing box, and a pressure applying assembly, a bearing assembly and a liquid injection assembly which are arranged on the main body frame, the sealing box is provided with a sealing door which is movably opened and closed, an air inlet and an air outlet; the pressure applying assembly comprises a pressure plate which performs lifting motion relative to the bearing assembly; a plurality of mounting holes are formed in the pressure plate at equal angle intervals, and pistons are mounted in the mounting holes; a spring is arranged between the piston and the inner wall of the mounting hole; pressing rods are mounted on the lower end surfaces of the pistons; the bearing assembly comprises a bearing disc rotationally matched with the main body frame, and a plurality of electrolyte grooves are formed in the bearing disc; the electrolyte injection assembly is arranged on the side edge of the bearing disc and used for automatically injecting electrolyte into all the electrolyte tanks.

The invention provides an ionic membrane electrolytic cell anode chamber single grid model, and relates to the technical field of ionic membrane electrolytic cells, the ionic membrane electrolytic cell anode chamber single grid model comprises a cuboid model main body, the model main body is internally provided with a cavity, the top of the model main body is provided with a gas-liquid outlet, and the gas-liquid outlet is communicated with the cavity; the front side of the cavity is an anode surface, and the rear side is a tank body surface; the gas-liquid separation box is connected to the top of the model main body and is communicated with the gas-liquid outlet; the liquid distribution pipe is detachably arranged at the lower part of the cavity, a spraying hole is formed in the liquid distribution pipe, and the spraying angle of the spraying hole is adjustable; and the flow guide plate is arranged in the cavity and is obliquely arranged. Through the single-grid model of the anode chamber of the ionic membrane electrolytic cell, the influence of the flow velocity of electrolyte near an anode surface, the size of small holes in a liquid distribution pipe and the spraying angle on the gas phase distribution uniformity can be researched or demonstrated in scenes such as a laboratory.

The application provides a liquid injection, vacuum extraction and pressure maintaining integrated device and a liquid injection, vacuum extraction and pressure maintaining method. The device comprises a rack, a water tank arranged in the rack, a vacuum extraction mechanism arranged in the rack and a liquid injection mechanism. The vacuum extraction mechanism is used for vacuum extraction and pressure maintaining of multiple energy storage devices, and the liquid injection mechanism is used for injecting liquid in the water tank into the multiple energy storage devices. The device integrates the functions of vacuum extraction, pressure maintaining and liquid injection, and can simultaneously process multiple energy storage devices in parallel, thereby avoiding the process of transferring the split device between different stations, significantly shortening the production rhythm and improving the efficiency of batch liquid injection. The time sequence control of "vacuum extraction and pressure maintaining first and liquid injection later" is adopted to inject liquid under the vacuum state in the energy storage device, effectively preventing air from being trapped to form bubbles, ensuring that the electrolyte is fully immersed, and improving the performance consistency and reliability of the energy storage device.

The application discloses a vertical shaft device for high and low valence state electrolyte storage with a floating piston, which comprises two underground vertical shafts serving as positive and negative vertical shafts respectively, a floating piston arranged in the vertical shafts to separate the vertical shafts into upper and lower liquid storage areas, the density of the floating piston being matched with the density of the electrolyte to suspend in the electrolyte and move freely along the axial direction, a power battery communicating with the upper and lower liquid storage areas through a transmission pipeline, and a circulating pump arranged on the transmission pipeline to drive the electrolyte circulation. During charging, the electrolyte flows from the upper liquid storage area to the lower liquid storage area through the power battery reaction, and the piston moves upward; during discharging, the electrolyte flows reversely, and the piston moves downward. The application realizes the effective isolation of different valence state electrolytes in the same vertical shaft through the floating piston, and only two vertical shafts are needed to complete the storage, so that the number of storage tanks is reduced, the construction cost is lowered, and the ground occupation is reduced by utilizing the underground space.

The gas-liquid separation and liquid storage balancing device comprises a cathode liquid storage chamber and an anode liquid storage chamber, one side wall of the cathode liquid storage chamber is fixedly provided with a cathode flow channel communicated with the inside of the cathode liquid storage chamber, one side wall of the anode liquid storage chamber is fixedly provided with an anode flow channel communicated with the inside of the anode liquid storage chamber, and the cathode flow channel is communicated with the inside of the anode liquid storage chamber. The cathode flow channel is communicated with the anode flow channel, a blocking filter membrane capable of exchanging water molecules and blocking hydrogen and oxygen from passing through is arranged between the cathode flow channel and the anode flow channel, and the blocking filter membrane is arranged between the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel and can isolate gas such as hydrogen and oxygen generated in the cathode liquid storage chamber and the anode liquid storage chamber. And meanwhile, water molecules can be freely exchanged by the barrier filter membrane, so that the electrolyte concentration balance between the anode liquid storage chamber and the cathode liquid storage chamber is ensured.

This application discloses a liquid flow container, including a container body for installing liquid flow tanks and a multi-layered internal mounting frame disposed within the container body. The internal mounting frame is located on one side of the liquid flow tank and is connected to the container body. The liquid flow container of this application has a multi-layered internal mounting frame, facilitating installation and maintenance by personnel, and features a compact structure and low overall height. Another objective of this application is to provide an integrated energy storage device, including a liquid flow container and two liquid flow tanks a, connected by an intermediate connecting ring. The liquid flow tanks a are installed within the container body, and the two liquid flow tanks a are respectively used to store positive electrolyte and negative electrolyte. Yet another objective of this application is to provide a multi-tank energy storage device, including a liquid flow container and at least two liquid flow tanks b, wherein multiple liquid flow tanks b are respectively used to store positive electrolyte and negative electrolyte, with the positive and negative electrolytes stored in different liquid flow tanks.

Proposed is a battery, in particular for motor vehicles, comprising a battery box (2) which has at least one cell (1) and is closed by a cover (5), wherein: in the at least one cell (1), there are arranged an electrode plate (3), an electrolyte liquid (4) which surrounds the electrode plate (3), and a device for mixing the electrolyte liquid (4) in the at least one cell (1); the device comprises an insert part (7) arranged in the at least one cell (1); and the insert part (7) forms at least one flow path (10) which fluidically connects an upper region to a lower region of the at least one cell (1). The battery is characterized in that the insert part (7) is fixed to the battery box (2) and / or to the cover (5) at a connection (8) between the battery box (2) and the cover (5). Also proposed is a method for producing such a battery.

The utility model relates to the technical field of electrolyte filling. The lithium ion electrolyte filling device comprises a conical tank body and a cylindrical tank body, the conical tank body is arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical tank body in a communicating mode, a liquid inlet pipe is arranged on one side of the cylindrical tank body in a communicating mode, a tee joint is arranged at the bottom of the conical tank body in a communicating mode, and a liquid discharging pipe is arranged at the bottom end of the tee joint in a communicating mode. One end of the tee joint is communicated with a liquid inlet pipe, the other end of the tee joint is communicated with a liquid outlet pipe, a stirring assembly is arranged in the conical tank body, the stirring assembly comprises a stirring rod, a cleaning assembly used for cleaning the conical tank body is arranged on the stirring rod, and an auxiliary cleaning assembly is arranged on the stirring rod. The utility model has the advantages that the cleaning component is arranged, so that when different types of electrolyte are required to be replaced, the conical tank body is relatively simple and convenient to clean, the workload of cleaning the conical tank body is reduced, and meanwhile, the waste rate of the electrolyte is reduced.

The utility model relates to a self-driven bladder type seawater or wastewater purification and supply device which comprises an outer chamber and inner chambers, the inner chambers are arranged in the outer chamber at intervals and are not communicated, and the outer chamber and the inner chambers are respectively provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet to complete liquid circulation in the respective chambers; seawater or wastewater is circularly stored in the outer chamber, a seawater inlet pipe is arranged at the upper end of the outer chamber, a seawater return pipe is arranged at the lower end of the outer chamber, and a circulating pump is mounted between the seawater inlet pipe and the seawater return pipe, so that the seawater is circulated in the outer chamber; and a diaphragm is mounted on the side wall of the inner cavity, so that water in seawater or wastewater in the outer cavity enters the electrolyte of the inner cavity according to the ion concentration difference. The problems that in the prior art, a device is complex and inconvenient to disassemble and maintain, energy consumption is large, and one-step purification and pure water supply of complex raw water are difficult to achieve are solved.

The invention provides a reference electrode for a potentiometric measurement system for measuring an analyte in a body fluid sample, comprising an Ag / AgCl conductor element (8) in contact with a reference electrolyte (7) wherein the chloride ion (Cl-) concentration in the reference electrolyte (7) is between 50 mmol / L and 200 mmol / L, and wherein the sodium ion (Na +) concentration in the reference electrolyte (7) is preferably between 70 mmol / L and 270 mmol / L, and wherein the Ag / AgCl conductor element (8) is in contact with the reference electrolyte (7). And wherein the ionic strength of the reference electrolyte (7) is between 75 mmol / L and 300 mmol / L. The invention also provides a potentiometric measurement system and a method for potentiometric measurement of an analyte in a body fluid sample.

This invention discloses a lithium battery formation buffer cup, including a shell with connection holes at the top and bottom. A sealed cavity communicating with the connection holes is located inside the shell. A movable baffle, movable along the axial direction of the shell, is located within the cavity. The movable baffle has at least one through hole, and its projection at the bottom of the shell completely overlaps with the bottom cross-section of the buffer cup shell. In this invention, the movable baffle can move vertically according to changes in the liquid level in the buffer cup. When the negative pressure changes drastically, it can stop the electrolyte from being rapidly drawn away, i.e., from the cell connection hole to the manifold connection hole. When the liquid level in the buffer cup rises, the movable baffle remains above the electrolyte level, preventing the formation of large bubbles and preventing large bubbles from bursting and carrying electrolyte droplets into the manifold under negative pressure, thus reducing electrolyte loss during the cell formation process.

A metal coating is electrodeposited onto an inner surface of a pipe wall by conveying a pig along the pipe and driving a current through an electrolyte fluid body extending from an electrode of the pig to the pipe wall. In order to deposit an internal coating of copper, the pig supports the copper anode and the electrolyte fluid is copper sulfate. The electrodeposition process may be performed in situ on a steel pipe after the pipe has delivered hydrocarbons, and may deliver hydrogen along the pipe after the pipe. The internal coating mitigates the risk of hydrogen atoms migrating into the tube wall and thereby causing steel embrittlement.