A preparation method of a carbon fiber reinforcement grafted by graphene oxide relates to a preparation method of a carbon fiber reinforcement grafted by graphene oxide. The invention solves the problems of harsh process conditions, long process period, toxic process, and difficult industrial production for current carbon fiber surface modification methods. The invention adopts a 'grafting' method, and grafts graphene oxide on acidified carbon fiber surfaces through an acylation reaction by using polyamide-amine with a lot of amido active groups; the invention has low cost, is simple, practical, environment-friendly, and nontoxic, and can be completed within a short period. The method particularly comprises the following steps: mixing acidified carbon fibers and a polyamide-amine methanolsolution, reacting to prepare carbon fibers modified by polyamide-amine, adding the prepared carbon fibers in a graphene oxide acetone suspension, mixing, reacting, filtering, drying the precipitatestill the weight is constant. The obtained carbon fiber reinforcement has interfacial shear strength with epoxy resin of up to 79.77-105.50 MPa which is improved.