2658 results about "Pulp (paper)" patented technology

Processes for the manufacture of hygiene paper products according to the present disclosure may include re-floating the pulp containing non-wood fibers before the pulp is fed into a riser box; forming a web comprising the non-wood fibers; creating zones of different density in the web; and creping the web.

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a multiply paperboard comprising the steps of: - forming a web comprising at least a top ply, a back ply, and a middle ply arranged between the top ply and the back ply, wherein the middle ply is formed from a first furnish comprising at least 50 wt% of a HT-CTMP and 0.1 – 10 wt% of glue pulp based on the total dry weight of said first furnish, wherein said glue pulp has a Schopper Riegler (SR) value in the range of 55- 84 as measured according to standard ISO 5267-1 and a mass fraction of fines of less than 25% as measured according to standard ISO 10376:2011, - subjecting the thereof formed three-ply web to pressing in at least one shoe press, and - drying the web. It has been found that the combination of using the said furnish mixture including HT-CTMP and glue pulp with an SR value within said range enables efficient dewatering by use of a shoe press and gives rise to a paperboard with high bulk but maintained or improved strength properties.

The invention provides super-strong barrier packaging paper and a preparation method thereof, relates to the field of high-barrier packaging paper, and aims to solve the problems that the barrier property of a traditional packaging material is reduced and the mechanical property is insufficient in a high-humidity environment. The packaging paper is composed of a coating barrier layer, a transparent film layer and a body paper base layer, and is prepared through a special process, so that the transmittance of oxygen and water vapor is remarkably reduced, and the shelf life of packaged contents is effectively prolonged. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing wood pulp fibers with a citric acid hydration solution, adding materials such as cationic starch to form fiber slurry, and drying to obtain the raw paper base layer; mixing and extruding acrylonitrile copolymer and other materials to form a transparent film layer; materials such as lignin and a citric acid hydration solution are mixed to form cross-linked slurry, the cross-linked slurry is mixed with a polymer solution to obtain a cross-linked coating, the raw paper base layer is coated with the cross-linked coating, the cross-linked coating is dried and then compounded with the transparent film layer, and the packaging paper has excellent barrier performance and mechanical performance and is particularly suitable for being used in areas with large temperature and humidity changes.

The invention discloses a straw paper mulching film based on thermo-mechanical pulp as well as a green preparation method and application of the straw paper mulching film. The invention belongs to the field of biomass resource utilization. Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a green preparation method of a straw paper mulching film based on thermo-mechanical pulp. According to the method, the staged hydrothermal grinding technology is adopted, washing is not needed, the acidic paper pulp is directly obtained, and the technological process is simplified. Meanwhile, the invention innovatively develops a green sizing agent taking chitosan as a main material. The sizing agent can be directly fused with acidic paper pulp, and acid and alkali do not need to be additionally added for adjusting the pH value. The dry tensile index of the straw paper mulching film is larger than or equal to 15 N.m / g, the wet tensile index is larger than or equal to 5 N.m / g, the burst index is larger than or equal to 3.5 kPa.m < 2 > / g, the contact angle is larger than or equal to 105 degrees, and the 2-hour water absorption rate is smaller than or equal to 50%.

There is provided a method of producing a paper- or linerboard having a grammage measured according to ISO 536:2019 of 170-310 g / m2 and comprising a print layer, a middle layer and a back layer, wherein the middle layer is formed from a middle layer furnish comprising at least 25% by dry weight CTMP and the back layer is formed from a back layer furnish comprising an unbleached pulp, such as an unbleached kraft pulp, said method comprising the step of subjecting a multi-layered web at a speed of at least 600 m / min to pressing in a press section comprising a first and a second double-felted shoe press nip arranged in series, wherein the total press impulse of the double-felted shoe press nips is at least 95 kPa*s, preferably at least 100 kPa*s.

The invention discloses a preparation method of two-component microcapsule self-repairing insulation paper based on epoxy resin and polymercaptan. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a repairing agent microcapsule and a curing agent microcapsule by an emulsion polymerization method; (2) mixing the prepared repairing agent microcapsule and curing agent capsule to obtain a bi-component microcapsule solution, and adding the bi-component microcapsule solution into the treated paper pulp; and (3) performing papermaking, drying and calendaring on the paper pulp added with the bi-component microcapsule solution to obtain the insulation paper. According to the invention, diglycerol ether type bisphenol F epoxy resin (DGEBF) stabilized by an emulsifier is adopted as a core of a repairing agent, polythiol (PETMP) stabilized by the emulsifier is adopted as a core of a curing agent, and the emulsifier is cellulose nanofiber, so that the insulating paper with self-repairing performance is prepared. The dielectric constant, the breakdown field strength, the tensile strength, the elongation at break and the thermal stability of the insulation paper are superior to those of traditional cellulose insulation paper, and the overall performance and the service life of the insulation paper can be effectively improved.

The invention discloses equipment for direct hot-press molding of a paper pulp roll, and relates to the field of paper manufacturing. According to the scheme, a cutting area is reserved on a surface layer, the surface layer covers a cutting surface through a vibration base of a mold core assembly, and the problems of fiber burr exposure, loose structure and damp pollution caused by exposure of the cutting surface are solved; the folded and covered surface layer provides lateral limiting force in the hot pressing process, the compactness of the edge is enhanced, the middle cutting face is prevented from loosening, meanwhile, through axial friction force generated by reciprocating motion of the vibration base, it is further ensured that the surface layer and the cutting face are stably attached, material rebound and covering loosening are prevented, and the interlayer slippage condition is prevented; instantaneous impact force is generated through sliding impact of the vibration seat on the buffer cushion, so that the pressing effect of the surface layer in the hot pressing process is enhanced, the cutting surface is tighter and smoother, fiber looseness and tiny gaps are reduced, the edge sealing quality is improved, the protection effect of the cutting surface is improved, and the bonding strength of the surface layer and paper pulp is improved.

The utility model provides a mica paper pulp mixing device, and belongs to the technical field of mica product production equipment. Comprising a reaction kettle, a stirring shaft, an impeller and an outer sleeve, the outer sleeve comprises a pipe body and a gas collecting hood located below the pipe body, a plurality of through holes are formed in the gas collecting hood, the stirring shaft is inserted into the pipe body, the impeller is rotationally connected to the bottom of the reaction kettle in the gas collecting hood, and a ventilation connecting pipe is arranged at the bottom of the reaction kettle and connected with a steam source. An outlet of the ventilation connecting pipe is positioned below the gas-collecting hood; a gap is formed between the stirring shaft and the pipe body. The device has the advantages of low energy consumption and the like.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of special paper preparation, and particularly relates to a production method of high-strength aluminized base paper, comprising the steps of: S1, beating: respectively beating long-fiber primary pulp and short-fiber primary pulp, wherein the beating degree of the long fiber is 40-50°SR, and the beating degree of the short fiber is 20-30°SR; S2, adding additives: adding modified inorganic filler, cationic starch and retention aid to the short-fiber pulp; S3, pulp mixing: mixing the long-fiber pulp and the short-fiber pulp according to a weight ratio, and then adding modified bamboo fiber, and uniformly stirring to form a mixed pulp; S4, wire drawing and papermaking; S5, spraying a surface treatment agent; S6, paper drying, calendering and winding. The aluminized base paper obtained by the production method of the high-strength aluminized base paper of the present invention has the advantages of high strength and good smoothness.

The invention provides a method for increasing the content and distribution uniformity of filler in paper sheets and increasing the strength of the paper sheets, and belongs to the technical field of papermaking. The method for improving the content and distribution uniformity of the filler in the paper sheet and increasing the strength of the paper sheet comprises the following steps: preparing a modified composite nanofiber dispersion liquid, preparing a positive electric buffer solution, preparing a positive electric composite slow release solution, preparing a filler particle suspension liquid, and mixing and manufacturing paper with pulp. According to the method for improving the content and the distribution uniformity of the filler in the paper sheet and improving the strength of the paper sheet, the flocculation speed of the filler can be mildly and effectively controlled, the size of floccules can be controllably adjusted, the distribution uniformity of the filler in the paper sheet can be improved while the content of the filler in the paper sheet is improved, and the paper sheet strength is improved. The adverse effect on the mechanical property of the paper sheet caused by filler dosage increase is effectively avoided, and the paper sheet strength is further improved.

The invention discloses a preparation method of carbon fiber base paper for a proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell, which comprises the following steps: taking carboxyl modified polyacrylonitrile fiber pulp, adding a dispersant, defibering, grinding to form carboxyl modified polyacrylonitrile pulp, taking one or two dispersants, adding a carbon nanotube, and stirring to obtain a carbon nanotube dispersion liquid; then taking two dispersants and carbon fibers, adding the two dispersants and the carbon fibers into water, stirring to form a carbon fiber dispersion liquid, adding the carboxyl modified polyacrylonitrile pulp into the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid, defibering to form a prefabricated liquid, mixing and stirring the carbon fiber dispersion liquid and the prefabricated liquid to prepare a compound system dispersion liquid, preparing a wet paper web by wet forming, curtain-coating a binder on the wet paper web, and drying to obtain the carbon fiber composite paper. Preparing carbon fiber raw paper; the carbon fiber base paper is prepared by mixing the treated carboxyl modified polyacrylonitrile pulp with the carbon nanotubes and then uniformly mixing the mixture with the carbon fibers, so that the bending strength and the conductivity of the base paper can be effectively improved, and the process difficulty is reduced.

The present invention relates to variants of an alpha-amylase which have an increased solubility at pH 6.0 compared to the parent alpha-amylase. The present invention also relates to methods of making the variant alpha-amylase and the use of the variant alpha-amylase in processing starch, cleaning or washing textiles, hard surfaces, or dishes, making ethanol, treating an oil well, processing pulp or paper, animal feed, syrup production, and preparing a dough or a baked product prepared from the dough.

The utility model relates to a paper-plastic tableware forming machine which comprises a pulp suction mold, a bidirectional moving mechanism and a forming mechanism, the pulp suction mold is arranged upwards, and the bottom surface of the pulp suction mold is connected with a telescopic assembly; the bidirectional moving mechanism comprises a first moving assembly and a second moving assembly which are arranged above the pulp suction mold in parallel; the forming mechanism comprises a first upper die, a second upper die and at least two forming lower dies, the first upper die and the second upper die are connected with the first moving assembly and the second moving assembly respectively, and the forming lower dies are arranged below the bidirectional moving mechanism; the first upper die and the second upper die or the forming lower die are connected with a telescopic assembly. The first upper die and the second upper die move independently so as to be attached to the pulp suction die to dehydrate paper pulp. And when the first upper mold and the pulp suction mold complete dehydration and carry out a drying process, the second upper mold can be seamlessly connected with the pulp suction mold to carry out the dehydration process, so that the production efficiency of the equipment is greatly improved.

The invention discloses a compostable and reslurrable mineral-based dual-scale barrier coating as well as preparation and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of water-based and reslurrable barrier materials. In order to overcome the defects of high coating weight, large color difference or difficulty in recovery in the prior art, a compact barrier is constructed through double-scale collaborative design of interlayer intercalation of layered double hydroxides and interparticle metal micro-networks. The method has the prominent advantage that high-efficiency water-oxygen barrier better than that of a conventional scheme can be realized only by using an extremely low coating amount. Meanwhile, the coating strictly controls color difference to maintain high whiteness of the paper, has pH responsiveness, can be quickly unlapped and dispersed under an acidic condition, and is easy to re-pulp. The coating does not contain PFAS and PVDC, and unification of high barrier, high whiteness and recoverability is achieved.

The invention provides a method for improving breakdown field strength and mechanical performance of insulation paper by mixing plant fibers and polymer fibers and the insulation paper. The method comprises the following steps: pulping a plant fiber pulp board to obtain plant fiber pulp; taking polymer fibers, and pulping the polymer fibers to obtain polymer fiber slurry; mixing and defibering the plant fiber pulp and the polymer fiber pulp to obtain mixed pulp; and carrying out papermaking on the mixed slurry, and then carrying out hot-pressing smoothing treatment to obtain the insulation paper. The breakdown field strength, the mechanical strength, the heat dissipation characteristic and the anti-aging characteristic of the high insulation paper can be effectively and synergistically improved.

The invention provides cellulose-based electronic carrier tape paper and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: step (1): soaking a first wood pulp board in water until fibers are swelled, and pulping to obtain pulp; step (2), enabling the basalt nanosheet to react with polyvinylpyrrolidone, so as to obtain a carbonyl modified basalt nanosheet; (3) soaking the second wood pulp board in water until the second wood pulp board is completely defibered to obtain paper pulp, grinding the paper pulp, and carrying out micro-jet nano-homogenization treatment to obtain a cellulose nano-fibril suspension; and (4) uniformly mixing the cellulose nanofibril suspension, carbonyl modified basalt nanosheets and an antistatic agent with the slurry prepared in the step (1), forming a paper sample to obtain a wet paper sheet, and drying to obtain the cellulose-based electronic carrier tape paper. The cellulose-based electronic carrier tape paper prepared by the invention is obviously superior to the traditional electronic carrier tape paper in the aspects of environmental protection, cost, electrostatic protection and mechanical property.

The invention relates to the field of paper for aluminum electrolytic capacitors, and discloses a preparation method of a high-liquid-absorption high-voltage electrolytic capacitor diaphragm. The whole diaphragm is prepared from high-beating-degree and high-purity insulating softwood pulp, so that high unit thickness voltage resistance can be ensured. The adopted preparation method is a continuous drying mode, the drying efficiency is higher than that of a gap drying mode, after the fibers are formed through a fourdrinier wire, heating drying is firstly adopted, and then freezing decompression drying is adopted, so that fine pore structures among the fibers can be effectively increased, the high voltage resistance of the diaphragm is reserved, and the liquid absorption performance of the diaphragm is also greatly improved; therefore, ion moving resistance is reduced and diaphragm internal resistance is reduced.

The invention relates to a method for producing a dried fibrous web (36), in particular a paper, cardboard or tissue web, from baled pulp comprising a plurality of stacked pulp sheets, comprising the following steps: feeding the baled pulp into a shredder (16) to produce chips (20) from the fed baled pulp; feeding the chips (20) to a fiberizing device (32) to fiber the chips (20) in a dry process; and feeding the fibers into an air laying unit (34) to form a dried fibrous web (36) from the fibers; wherein the shredder (16) is designed and operated such that at least 50% of the chips (20) produced therein have essentially the shape of an irregular polygon, with a weight-to-circumference ratio between 5.0 g / m² and 10 g / m².Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for carrying out the method according to the invention.

The invention belongs to the technical field of production of insulating products, and discloses a production method of an insulating paperboard, which comprises the following steps: grinding pulp through a DD720 double-disc refiner, respectively adding a modified additive PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) emulsion and a phenyl silicone emulsion into the pulp, mixing with a cross-linking agent, adding a cross-linking agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the insulating paperboard. Or adding a modified additive PDMS emulsion and a phenyl silicone emulsion into the slurry at the same time, and then mixing with a cross-linking agent; mechanically stirring the mixed pulp by a propeller, standing, and carrying out drifting purification, papermaking by a paper machine, multi-section hot pressing and cutting and shaping to obtain a finished paperboard. According to the insulating paperboard prepared by the production method, the electrical strength index value of an existing product in air can be improved by 30%-50%, so that the influence of aging damage to an insulating material caused by high-voltage, high-temperature and complex electromagnetic environments in the operation process of a transformer is reduced, the service life of the transformer is prolonged, and the safe operation performance of the transformer is improved.

The invention provides a production method of high-glossiness tipping base paper for cigarettes, which comprises the following steps: step 1, pulping: selecting an appropriate coniferous and hardwood pulp variety, and mixing and pulping coniferous pulp and hardwood pulp; step 2, preparing pulp: adding cationic starch into the beaten pulp; step 3, sizing in the pulp: adding a sizing agent into the pulp to adjust and control the water absorption of the paper; step 4, manufacturing and molding, namely diluting the sizing agent after sizing and then carrying out calendering treatment; step 5, prime coating: carrying out prime coating treatment on the produced tipping base paper for the cigarettes; step 6, top coating: carrying out top coating treatment on the surface of the paper subjected to bottom coating and primary baking; 7, back application, state adjustment and calendering are conducted, and the high-glossiness tipping base paper for the cigarettes is obtained. The emulsion is prepared to form a film on the base paper, so that the glossiness of the tipping base paper for the cigarettes is improved.

The invention discloses sugarcane syrup suitable for lyocell fiber production and a preparation method and system of the sugarcane syrup, and belongs to the technical field of lyocell fiber production. According to the present invention, the sugarcane pulp for lyocell fiber production is prepared sequentially through the first high-concentration alkali treatment, the second low-concentration alkali treatment, the bleaching, the acid washing and the drying, and the processes are matched for use, such that the conditions are milder compared with the traditional pulping and papermaking cooking process and the oxygen delignification, the equipment requirement is low, the production energy consumption is low, and the operation is safe; according to the present invention, the raw material does not need to be crushed, the index of the finally prepared raw material can meet the Lyocell production requirement, the operation process is simple, the industrial application prospect is provided, the production system matched with the method is provided, and the industrial and continuous production of the sugarcane syrup suitable for Lyocell fiber production is achieved.

The invention discloses a bacteriostatic and antiviral bamboo pulp paper-based sanitary isolation bag as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of functional paper-based packaging materials. The isolation bag takes bamboo pulp fiber paper as a base material, and the surface of the isolation bag is coated with a water-based polyhydroxyalkanoate functional coating. According to the preparation method, a special polyphenol derivative-chitosan quaternary ammonium salt-nano zinc oxide organic-inorganic hybrid factor is introduced, and the problem of agglomeration of nano particles is effectively solved by utilizing the special bridging effect of polyphenol, so that high-density cation capture and oxidation inactivation sites are constructed on the surface of the coating. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the method does not need to depend on organic fluorine compounds, and the excellent waterproof and oil-proof barrier effect and the efficient inactivation of viruses can be achieved only through the extremely low coating amount. In addition, the isolation bag has unique environmental chemical responsiveness, can be efficiently dissociated under the alkaline condition to facilitate repulping recovery, can be completely biodegraded in the natural environment, and perfectly considers the requirements of biological safety protection and green environmental protection.

The invention belongs to the technical field of pulp paper production, and particularly relates to a preparation method of low-dirt-degree and high-strength bleached sulfate mixed broadleaf wood wet wood pulp and pulp board. According to the invention, the acacia mangium chips and the eucalyptus chips are mixed and prepared, so that a foundation is laid for obtaining subsequent high-quality products; mixed wood chips are pre-impregnated in impregnation liquid with the effective alkali content being 4-8 g / L, so that the wood chips can react quickly in the cooking stage, and resin in broadleaf wood is eliminated; the wood chips are cooked, knotted, screened and washed, so that impurities in the slurry can be eliminated again; and by performing oxygen delignification treatment and bleaching on the coarse pulp, the quality of the pulp is improved. Therefore, the mixed broadleaf wood wet wood pulp and wood pulp board prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention are excellent in various indexes, low in dust degree, high in tension resistance, tear-resistant and breakage-resistant, and high-quality mixed wood pulp is provided for customers of paper for daily use.

The utility model relates to the technical field of paper pulp stirring, in particular to a paper pulp stirring device for paper box production, which comprises a plurality of L-shaped plates, a stirring bin is jointly and fixedly connected among the L-shaped plates, a stirring component is arranged in the stirring bin, and the paper pulp stirring device further comprises a lifting component and a defoaming component. The paper pulp stirring device achieves the paper pulp stirring effect, during stirring, the first stirring body and the second stirring body rotate to stir paper pulp, meanwhile, the lifting assembly drives the stirring assembly to move, and the first stirring rod and the second stirring rod are inclined and arranged in a staggered mode, so that the pulp homogenizing effect of the paper pulp is improved, and the pulp homogenizing efficiency is improved. The arranged air extracting pump can enable negative pressure to be formed in the stirring bin to be matched with the rotating net-shaped body, bubbles and foams generated during paper pulp stirring can be removed, and the problems that an existing paper pulp stirring device is single, stirring in one direction is only carried out under the general condition, the phenomenon that part of paper pulp is thick and part of the paper pulp is not stirred evenly is possibly caused, and the stirring effect is poor are solved. And the subsequent paper box production quality is influenced.

The invention provides a plant fiber pulp suction control device and method.The control device is internally provided with one or more cavities, and the cavities are connected with external vacuum equipment through vacuum pipelines and connected with external air compression equipment through air compression pipelines; the control device is further provided with a detection unit and an adjusting unit so as to control the flow and / or pressure in the cavity. The requirements of wall thickness, strength, density and the like of a product can be met, and when multiple cavities exist, the requirements of wall thickness, strength, density and the like of a designated area can be met; compared with traditional paper-plastic equipment, when the pressure and the flow in the forming process are suddenly high and suddenly low, the flow and the pressure in the forming process can be detected and adjusted in real time, then the consistency of products is guaranteed, the product percent of pass of the paper-plastic containers is improved, and market requirements are greatly met.

The invention discloses modified iron tailing-based lightweight ceramsite and phase-change composite ceramsite as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of tailing resource utilization. The modified iron tailing based lightweight ceramsite is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 51 to 58 parts of iron tailings, 25 to 29 parts of molybdenum tailings, 9 to 10 parts of coal gangue, 3 to 15 parts of a functional modifier and 25 to 35 parts of a binder, the functional modifier is calcium carbonate powder, and the binder is paper pulp waste liquid or water. The invention further discloses application of the modified iron tailing-based phase change composite ceramsite taking the modified iron tailing-based lightweight ceramsite as the matrix as an energy storage aggregate in functional energy storage concrete. The modified iron tailing-based light ceramsite is used for solving the technical problems that when existing ceramsite serves as a phase change base material, the porosity, the loading rate and the strength are balanced, and an additional modification process is complex in procedure and prone to causing secondary pollution.

The invention discloses a preparation method of water-based solvent-free polyurethane synthetic leather, and belongs to the technical field of polyurethane synthetic leather, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, coating the surface of a release surface of release paper with surface layer slurry, after the surface layer slurry stands until the surface is flat, covering the surface of the surface layer slurry with a toughening net layer, heating and drying the surface layer slurry to obtain a synthetic leather surface layer, and embedding and fixing the toughening net layer on the surface of the synthetic leather surface layer; s2, the face, inlaid with the toughening net layer, of the synthetic leather surface layer is coated with foaming slurry, and the foaming slurry is heated to be foamed to form a foaming core layer; s3, base cloth is bonded to the surface of the foaming core layer and then dried, the release paper is stripped after drying, and the polyurethane synthetic leather composed of the synthetic leather surface layer, the toughening net layer, the foaming core layer and the base cloth is obtained; according to the polyurethane synthetic leather disclosed by the invention, the comfort in the use process is improved through thermal management and good internal softness and elasticity.

The invention belongs to the technical field of environment-friendly paper materials, and provides environment-friendly fireproof flame-retardant paper and a preparation method thereof, and the environment-friendly fireproof flame-retardant paper is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20-40 parts of alginate fiber, 50-80 parts of bamboo pulp fiber, 5-15 parts of a flame retardant, 2-5 parts of chitosan, 1-3 parts of nano silicon dioxide and 200-400 parts of water. The alginate fibers and the bamboo pulp fibers are used as main raw materials, and the phosphorus-nitrogen environment-friendly flame retardant and the modified magnesium hydroxide are compounded, so that the dual effects of natural flame retardance and chemical synergy are achieved; according to the invention, the flame retardant and the fibers are synchronously beaten, so that nonuniformity and agent waste caused by later-stage coating are avoided; the environment-friendly fireproof flame-retardant paper is prepared from environment-friendly materials, volatile organic compounds are not discharged in the whole process, the paper can be recycled and degraded, the binding force between modified magnesium hydroxide and fibers is high, and the physical performance of the paper can be further improved.

Filtration apparatus comprising Graphene Oxide (GO) membranes modified by incorporation of polymeric components are described herein. The GO membranes include graphene oxide sheets covalently coupled to one or more polymeric components. Incorporation of polymeric components may increase d-spacing of the graphene oxide sheets resulting in improved filtration apparatus performance with respect to prior art membranes (e.g., high flux and rejection rate). In some embodiments the polymeric components may comprise branched polymers with primary amine functionalities which can act as efficient handles for covalent attachment to graphene oxide, resulting in the formation of new, robust amide bonds. The filtration apparatus described herein can exhibit improved performance in applications such as pulp and paper processing, which facilitates achieving permeate quality targets.