The invention discloses a sand particle gradient fatigue liquefaction experiment device and method. The device comprises a sand sample loading container, a water loading container, an overflow sand collecting container, an overflow water collecting measuring cup, a base, a vibration table, a filter net, a regulating valve, a flow rate meter, a flow meter, a pore water pressure sensor and a transparent capillary. The method comprises the following steps: sampling and measuring physical property indexes, sieving a sample according to the particle size range, loading the sample into the sand sample loading container, treating the sample according to relative density, measuring the initial void ratio, inserting the transparent capillary into the sample, opening the valve to inject water, observing and collecting an infiltration line and a saturation line until the sample is saturated, closing the valve, setting vibration parameters, starting the vibration table, turning off the vibration table at the end of liquefaction starting from the continuous overflowing of a water-sand mixture till that the overflowing stops and the transparent capillary stops tilting, recording the liquefactiontime, settling volume and pore water pressure, drying and weighing overflowed sand, recording the overflowing water volume, adjusting the relative density and vibration parameters, and carrying out comparative experiments.