The invention provides a sealing and ventilation dust removal device and method of a coke oven. The sealing and ventilation dust removal device comprises a closed workshop formed by hanging walls, parallel string-net racks, pressure bars, corner braces, a roof, purlines, drawing bars, workshop columns, inter-column braces and the like; dust removal equipment such as an electric valve, a pneumaticvalve, a coke-side smoke exhaust cover, a rising pipe smoke exhaust cover, a furnace top smoke exhaust cover, a compensator, a draught fan, a pulse bag-type dust collector, a chimney and the like; andventilation equipment such as a fresh air pipeline, a primary effect filter, a surface cooler, a refrigerator unit, an air supplier and the like. The method comprises the following steps: 1, sealing;2, ventilating; 3, collecting dust; 4, accident diffusing; 5, smoke conveying pipeline; and 6, treating and discharging the smoke. The sealing and ventilation dust removal device and method have theadvantages that all coke oven smoke released from the top of a coal loader, a rising pipe and a coke extinguishing tank can be collected in a closed space; and by virtue of the ventilation system andaccident treatment system, the labor environment of the operation workers can be improved, the adverse influence of the environment pollution for the operation workers can be reduced, the coke oven smoke can be discharged by reaching standard after the dust removal treatment, and the discharging concentration is less than or equal to 10 mg / Nm3.